The flight air data sensing technology is a key or important approach to obtaining flight air parameters for full envelope flight control, communication navigation and weapon strike trajectory of modern aircraft.This paper reviews the development history of air data sensing technology for aircraft, elaborates on the driving factors and system architecture design for cross-generation development of technology and the development of five key technologies, including system architecture design, pressure sensing and transfer conversion, parameter solution model design, complex meteorological environment adaptability design, and system calibration and flight verification. The deficiencies and defects of current technologies are analyzed. According to the development and application needs of modern aircraft, the future development direction of flight air data sensing technology for aircraft is proposed based on research results in engineering practice.