Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) relies on membrane nails to stabilize barrier membranes and promote osseous healing. However, conventional titanium nails need secondary removal surgeries and may impair osteogenesis. Magnesium (Mg), a biodegradable metal, offers a promising alternative due to its degradability, biocompatibility, and osteoconductive properties. However, Mg-based alloys often exhibit rapid and localized corrosion, which may result in premature failure, thus limiting its clinical applicability. Therefore, in this study, two pure Mg with varying purity—commercially pure Mg (CP-Mg, purity: 99.98 wt.%) and ultrahigh-pure Mg (UHP-Mg, purity: 99.99937 wt.%)—were employed to fabricate the membrane nails to enhance their corrosion performance. The mechanical, degradation, and biological properties of the materials were studied by mechanical tests, in vitro corrosion and cell test, and in vivo implant tests. The results demonstrate that the grain sizes of CP-Mg and UHP-Mg are 38 µm and 27 µm, respectively. Both CP-Mg and UHP-Mg membrane nails are capable of shear forces of approximately 55 N, with no significant difference observed between the two materials, fulfilling the practical requirements for clinical applications in membrane fixation. However, in vitro corrosion test reveals that the degradation rate of UHP-Mg membrane nails is significantly lower than that of CP-Mg membrane nails, with improved degradation uniformity, which may mitigate premature mechanical failure resulting from rapid localized degradation. The cellar test shows that UHP-Mg has superior biological properties. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that UHP-Mg membrane nails exhibited a slower and more uniform degradation post-implantation, with no positional migration or detachment observed within 4 weeks, and no significant inflammatory response was induced during the experimental period. Additionally, all bone morphology indices in the degraded area were superior to those in CP-Mg membrane nails, demonstrating enhanced osteogenesis. Therefore, UHP-Mg exhibits high potential for clinical application as a barrier membrane fixation nail material. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the future clinical application of degradable Mg implant devices.

3D printing techniques offer an effective method in fabricating complex radially multi-material structures. However, it is challenging for complex and delicate radially multi-material model geometries without supporting structures, such as tissue vessels and tubular graft, among others. In this work, we tackle these challenges by developing a polar digital light processing technique which uses a rod as the printing platform. The 3D model fabrication is accomplished through line projection. The rotation and translation of the rod are synchronized to project and illuminate the photosensitive material volume. By controlling the distance between the rod and the printing window, we achieved the printing of tubular structures with a minimum wall thickness as thin as 50 micrometers. By controlling the width of fine slits at the printing window, we achieved the printing of structures with a minimum feature size of 10 micrometers. Our process accomplished the fabrication of thin-walled tubular graft structure with a thickness of only 100 micrometers and lengths of several centimeters within a timeframe of just 100 s. Additionally, it enables the printing of axial multi-material structures, thereby achieving adjustable mechanical strength. This method is conducive to rapid customization of tubular grafts and the manufacturing of tubular components in fields such as dentistry, aerospace, and more.