There are three topics in the theory part of the 52nd International Physics Olympiad. This paper mainly introduces the second theoretical question：James Webb Space Telescope, gives the reference solution and analyzes the students' answers.

The first theoretical problem of 52^nd International Physics Olympiad is titled “Permanent magnets”, aiming to examine the fundamental knowledge of the interactions between dipoles and between dipoles and other magnetic bodies. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the key points and background knowledge of this problem, analyzes the answer situations of international students and Chinese students, and makes relevant comments on its open proposition ideas and answers.