Quantum computing has received extensive attention worldwide. In recent years, quantum scientists represented by academician Pan Jianwei have made remarkable progress in quantum computing. In the framework of university physics courses, the timely introduction of superconducting quantum computing theory can not only serve as an organic supplement and update to the quantum mechanics section of university physics courses, but also enable undergraduate students to have earlier exposure to the principles of superconducting quantum computing and its potential applications. This article attempts to reflect the basic principles of superconducting quantum computing, such as Josephson effect, macroscopic quantum properties, superconducting quantum bit manipulation, etc., within the framework of university physics courses. In addition, it also attempts to incorporate Josephson junction room temperature resistance measurement into university physics experiments in university physics courses. These attempts not only help guide them to focus on the forefront of national strategic needs, lay the foundation for their future research and work in related fields, but also have certain reference significance for the ideological and political construction of university physics courses.

For the existing superconducting qubit devices, constructing the corresponding high-fidelity gate operation after system calibration is a key step to realize quantum computing. As the fifth chapter of the series of “Introduction to physics frontier—superconducting quantum computing”, this paper systematically discusses the physical picture and basic method of constructing superconducting qubit gate operation through microwave pulse, gives a set of construction process of single bit gate operation, and extends the measurement and optimization development of gate operation fidelity. This paper aims to help the physics teachers, senior undergraduates, graduate students, and science and engineering backgrounds interested in superconducting quantum computing readers to systematically understand the whole basic process of superconducting qubit gate construction and gate operation fidelity measurement and optimization.

In recent years, with the high attention of various technological powers and giants, superconducting quantum computing technology has developed rapidly. In less than 10 years, the decoherence time of a single superconducting qubit has increased by 5 orders of magnitude, from nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, and is expected to increase to millisecond or even second levels. The preparation of superconducting qubit chips is the foundation for achieving superconducting quantum computing. As the sixth article in the “Introduction to Physical Frontiers—Superconducting Quantum Computing” series, this article systematically elaborates on the micro-fabrication methods for preparing superconducting qubits and co-auxiliary device chips, and looks forward to the development trend of fabrication methods. Through this article, the aim is to help university physics teachers, senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as readers with a background in science and engineering who are interested in superconducting quantum computing, systematically understand the micro-fabrication methods and processes for implementing superconducting qubit chips, and gain a comprehensive and practical understanding of superconducting quantum computing technology.