Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is a subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) characterized by a diameter of less than 10 mm. While its incidence is on the rise, PTMC generally carries a favorable prognosis. Traditional surgical intervention remains the primary treatment method, widely recognized for its effectiveness. However, surgical procedures can lead to postoperative scarring and complications, posing challenges for patients. For some low-risk PTMC cases that exhibit long periods of non-progression, active surveillance has emerged as a viable treatment option. Thermal ablation technology, guided by ultrasound, has demonstrated comparable short-term efficacy to surgery but with smaller incisions and reduced costs, offering a new alternative for PTMC patients. Currently, the management strategies for PTMC exhibit considerable diversity, contributing to ongoing debates in treatment approaches. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and review of the primary therapies available today.

Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital cyst, locating in the midline neck below the hyoid bone. Carcinoma occurring in a thyroglossal duct cyst is rare. Diagnosis generally depends on postoperative pathological diagnosis, because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, but imaging and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) can help with the diagnosis. In addition, there is no consensus on the optimal management of thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma. This paper describes a case of carcinoma in the thyroglossal duct cyst in a 60-year-old man and contains a review of the literature about the presentation, imaging manifestations and treatment.