Multimodal nanotherapeutic systems capable of integrating photothermal, catalytic, and gas-mediated strategies offer powerful opportunities to overcome the limitations of single-mode cancer therapies. Here, we develop a near-infrared (NIR) light-activated biomimetic nanomotor for targeted nitric oxide (NO) delivery and synergistic cancer therapy. The nanomotor is constructed from bowl-shaped mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with Fe(Ⅱ) as a Fenton catalyst and BNN6 as a thermally responsive NO donor (denoted as PFB). To endow tumor specificity, the nanomotor is further camouflaged with MCF-7 cancer cell membrane (PFB@CM), enabling homologous recognition and enhanced intratumoral accumulation. Upon NIR irradiation, PFB@CM exhibits strong photothermal conversion efficiency that initiates 3 synergistic processes: (a) self-thermophoretic propulsion that promotes cellular internalization; (b) heat-triggered decomposition of BNN6 for precise NO release; and (c) heat-accelerated Fe(Ⅱ) release from the polydopamine matrix. The liberated Fe(Ⅱ) catalyzes endogenous H₂O₂ via a Fenton-like reaction to generate reactive oxygen species, which subsequently react with NO to yield highly cytotoxic reactive nitrogen species. This cascade amplifies oxidative and nitrosative stress within tumor cells, enabling photothermal, chemodynamic, and NO-mediated synergistic therapy. The design of PFB@CM integrates homologous targeting, autonomous motility, and NIR-responsive multimechanism activation, demonstrating a versatile strategy for precision nanomedicine and highlighting the potential of light-activated nanomotors for safe and effective multimodal cancer therapy.

This work presents a novel rolling driving principle (RDP) for stick-slip actuators to achieve high motion consistency, inspired by the rack-and-pinion mechanism. This RDP utilizes a symmetrical driving structure and tangential contact to realize the pure rolling motion between the stator and the slider, requiring just a single lead zirconate titanate (PZT). This configuration ensures a consistent bidirectional driving process with a constant contact force, which improves both motion consistency and linearity. Based on this RDP principle, a linear stick-slip actuator incorporating an isosceles trapezoidal flexible mechanism (ITFM) has been implemented. The corresponding driving principle, operating principle, and the RDP’s advantages have been analyzed and revealed. Design optimization was performed to investigate the optimal structural parameters of the ITFM. The superior performance of the proposed RDP-type actuator was experimentally verified across both high- and low-frequency ranges. The results indicate that the presented design exhibits forward and reverse output speed values of 0.410 and 0.417 mm/s at 10 Hz with linear correlation coefficients of 0.99969 and 0.99962, indicating an excellent motion consistency with a velocity difference ratio of 1.96%. When working at 560 Hz, the presented actuator reaches 37.73 and 34.99 mm/s for the forward and reverse output speed, yielding high linearity values of 0.99999 and 0.99999 due to the tiny speed fluctuation, and maintains a reasonable motion consistency with a velocity difference ratio of 7.54%. Finally, an RDP-type actuator-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible microsurgical instrument was proposed and prototyped, which enables opening–closing motions and cutting motions for intraoperative MRI surgical applications.

Adhesive patches offer an effective approach for wound closure, making them highly suitable for biomedical applications. However, conventional patches often face limitations such as dual-sided adhesion, lack of shape adaptability, and limited maneuverability, which restrict their applications in deeper tissues. In this paper, we develop a magnetic patch robot (PatchBot), for targeted Janus adhesion with tissues. The PatchBot features a unique triple-layer structure, with adhesive, shape-morphing, and anti-adhesive layers, each fulfilling roles to support targeted attachment, enable shape transformation, and prevent unwanted adhesion to surrounding tissues. The Janus adhesion of the PatchBot was extensively demonstrated across a variety of tissues. A localized near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation was used to induce programmable shape transformations. Magnetic actuation of the PatchBot for targeted adhesion was successfully demonstrated in ex vivo porcine stomach tissue. NIR light-activated shape-morphing and multimodal magnetic actuation significantly enhance its maneuverability and adaptability in confined in vivo environments while ensuring the structural integrity of the adhesive surface during deployment. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of using PatchBot for targeted wound adhesion, showing its potential for minimally invasive, precision therapies in complex in vivo environments.

This work presents a novel electromagnetic driving system that consists of eight optimized electromagnets arranged in an optimal configuration and employs a control framework based on an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and virtual boundary. The optimal system configuration enhances the system’s compatibility with other ophthalmic surgical instruments, while also improving its capacity to generate magnetic force in the vertical direction. Besides, the optimal electromagnet parameters provide a superior comprehensive performance on magnetic field generation capacity and thermal power. Hence, the presented design achieves a stronger capacity for sustained work. Furthermore, the ADRC controller effectively monitors and further compensates the total disturbance as well as gravity to enhance the system’s robustness. Meanwhile, the implementation of virtual boundaries substantially enhances interactive security via collision avoidance. The magnetic and thermal performance tests have been performed on the electromagnet to verify the design optimization. The proposed electromagnet can generate a superior magnetic field of 2.071 mT at a distance of 65 mm with an applied current of 1 A. Moreover, it demonstrates minimal temperature elevation from room temperature (25 °C) to 46 °C through natural heat dissipation in 3 h, thereby effectively supporting prolonged magnetic manipulation of intraocular microsurgery. Furthermore, trajectory tracking experiments with disturbances have been performed in a liquid environment similar to the practical ophthalmic surgery scenarios, to verify the robustness and security of the presented control framework. The maximum root mean square (RMS) error of performance tests in different operation modes remains 35.8 μm, providing stable support for intraocular microsurgery.