In response to escalating global and national commitments to net-zero carbon targets, there is an increasing imperative to enhance awareness of carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations at the community level. This study investigates spatial patterns of CO₂ emissions across Wrexham County Borough, which comprises 34 administrative communities in northeastern Wales. By integrating satellite-derived CO₂ concentration datasets with official boundary data using Python-based geospatial libraries and online geographic information systems, we generated interactive spatial visualisations to identify persistent emission hotspots. The analysis reveals consistently elevated CO₂ levels in the northeastern communities, particularly Rossett and Holt. These visual outputs offer transparent, reproducible, and accessible insights to support evidence-based environmental planning, public engagement, and local policy development.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools become essential across industries, distinguishing AI-generated from human-authored text is increasingly challenging. This study assesses the coherence of AI-generated titles and corresponding abstracts in anticipation of rising AI-assisted document production. Our main goal is to examine the correlation between original and AI-generated titles, emphasizing semantic depth and similarity measures, particularly in the context of Large Language Models (LLMs). We argue that LLMs have transformed research focus, dissemination, and citation patterns across five selected knowledge areas: Business Administration and Management (BAM), Computer Science and Information Technology (CS), Engineering and Material Science (EMS), Medicine and Healthcare (MH), and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PBS). We collected 15 000 titles and abstracts, narrowing the selection to 2000 through a rigorous multi-stage screening process adhering to our study’s criteria. Result shows that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that LLM outperforms human authors in article title generation or articles from the LLM era demonstrates a marked difference in semantic richness and readability compared to those from the pre-LLM. Instead, it asserts that LLM is a valuable tool and can assist researchers in generating titles. With LLM’s assistance, the researcher ensures that the content is reflective of the finalized abstract and core research themes, potentially increasing the impact and accessibility and readability of the academic work.