Taking Shanghai People’s Square Metro Station (SPSMS) as a case study, this paper investigated relevant variables influencing the passenger flow distribution of each entrance/exit by analyzing the spatial environment characteristics and group traffic behavior quantitatively, which provides certain basis for the rational planning and layout of the subway entrance. Firstly, methods of space syntax, point of interest (POI) data, traditional field investigation and pedestrian counting were adopted to measure the external spatial characteristics (integration degree, choice value, and POI distribution) and internal spatial characteristics (integration degree, choice value, and degree of convenience) of each entrance/exit. At the same time, pedestrian counting method was used to obtain the passenger flow of 18 entrances and exits in a specific time. Finally, the correlation between variables and the distribution of passenger flow at the entrance and exit were further explored by establishing multiple linear regression models. The results show that the passenger flow distribution at the entrances and exits of subway stations is mainly affected by the external spatial characteristics of subway stations, and has a great correlation with the accessibility of the streets where the exits and entrances are located and the mixing degree of regional functions.

Under the condition of the tension of land resources, the development and utilization of underground space will be the inevitable trend of future residential construction, and the planning of three-dimensional residential area will become the focus of “energy conservation and land conservation” in the future. Combined with the problems existing in the development of underground space in domestic residential areas, this paper systematically studies the development and utilization mode of underground space in residential areas from three aspects of spatial structure, spatial function and spatial form. On one hand, the suitability of various functional Spaces and service facilities in the underground space of residential area have was analyzed; On the other hand, the layout pattern, basic structure form of and the characteristic theme development mode of residential underground space are proposed. Finally, the comprehensive development strategies of residential underground space are summarized from three aspects of the the cooperative development of aboveground and underground space, the interrelation of residential underground space and the sustainable development and utilization of residential underground space, so as to explores the planning and development of the underground space for the future high-density urban residential area.

Nowadays, the shortage of available urban land and the booming construction of urban subways drive the rapid development of Underground Space in the Metro Area (USIMA), which has become an essential part of the comprehensive development and has significant research implications. In this paper, 73 high-standard articles were selected through the retrieval of Chinese and international literature related to USIMA, and ten topics with more attention were summarized from the macro, medium, and micro scales. The urban master planning level involves the related research of development models, development scale, and development planning guidelines. The detailed planning level involves the related research of spatial vitality, spatial layout, integrated aboveground and underground space design, and regulatory plan. Then, the level of architectural design involves the related research of spatial structure form, spatial orientation, and environment creation. Simultaneously, standard research methodologies are presented, such as case analysis, semantic differential, post-occupancy evaluation, regression analysis, and simulation. Based on this, this study presents feasible research topics and technique innovation, which has a significant reference value for the future full development and utilization of metro area underground space.

In recent years, construction works near the operating metro tunnel in granite residual soil have been gradually increasing, and the impact of these construction works on the safety of shield tunnel should not be ignored. Finite element method is an effective method to evaluate the influence of adjacent construction on shield tunnel, but its reliability highly depends on the reasonable selection of soil constitutive model and parameters. In this paper, the current situation of parameter selection of hardening soil model for granite residual soil is firstly reviewed. Then a back-analysis method for determining the parameters of granite residual soil based on the self-boring pressuremeter test (SBPMT) is proposed. Finally, the obtained back-analysis parameters are applied to the engineering case of foundation pit excavated overpass existing shield tunnel for method verification, and more reasonable values of parameters of hardening soil model for granite residual soil are determined. The results show that the strength parameters of hardening soil model for granite residual soil can be determined by laboratory tests, and the stiffness parameters of E₅₀^ref, E_oed^ref and E_ur^ref are the key parameters for the back-analysis. The ratio of E₅₀^ref: E_oed^ref: E_ur^ref from 1:1:3 to 1:1:5 is suitable for engineering practice, and the value of E₅₀^ref ranges from 36 MPa to 43 MPa according to different ratios.