Liver metastases represent a major clinical challenge in oncology, often indicating advanced disease with complex management requirements. Despite originating from diverse primary tumors such as colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers, liver metastases exhibit shared biological behaviors influenced by the unique tumor microenvironment and immunosuppressive conditions of the liver. This review synthesizes advances in systemic, locoregional, and surgical therapies, demonstrating how shared mechanisms enable unified strategies such as pathway-targeted agents and immunotherapy–radiotherapy combinations, even amid primary tumor heterogeneity. Multidisciplinary team collaboration is critical for optimizing individualized treatment plans, balancing locoregional and systemic treatments to convert unresectable cases and improve the survival rate. We propose a paradigm of precision convergence “harmonizing tumor therapies with lineage-specific adjustments” guided by the principle of “commonalities in biology, divergences in context”.

The treatment of liver metastases is undergoing a transformation from single-modality therapy to multimodal combination therapy, with local interventional treatments playing an increasingly important role. This review explores the synergistic effects between local interventional therapy and systemic treatment, the reconstruction of interventional therapy indications driven by advances in systemic treatment, and the impact of local interventional therapy on systemic treatment “switching” strategies. Through multidisciplinary collaboration and innovative interventional materials and techniques, local interventional therapy has evolved from a traditional palliative approach to become an essential component in the comprehensive treatment system for liver metastases.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common malignant tumors in China, severely threatens the life and health of patients. In recent years, precision medicine, clinical diagnoses, treatments, and innovative research have led to important breakthroughs in HCC care. The discovery of new biomarkers and the promotion of liquid biopsy technologies have greatly facilitated the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy has provided more choices for precise HCC treatment. Multiomics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, have enabled deeper understanding of the occurrence and development mechanisms, heterogeneity, and genetic mutation characteristics of HCC. The continued promotion and accurate typing of HCC, accurate guidance of treatment, and accurate prognostication have provided more treatment opportunities and prolonged survival timelines for patients with HCC. Innovative HCC research providing an in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics of HCC will be translated into accurate clinical practices for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.