MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in various diseases' development and progression. The aim of this study is to identify the differently expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and differently expressed genes (DEGs) between BPH and PCa.

Selecting BPH and PCa tissues from GEO database (GSE118038 as test dataset; GSE30994 as validation dataset), we identified DEmiRNAs and DEGs between BPH and PCa using GEO2R online tool and "Deseq2" R package. We applied random forest method to select hub DEmiRNAs, combining age and BMI, to establish a nomogram model for BPH detection. Finally, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms and pathways of DEmiRNAs in BPH.

We found 26 DEmiRNAs between BPH and PCa, of which 21 DEmiRNAs were up-regulated and 5 DEmiRNAs were down-regulated. Via forest random method, we selected miR-636, miR-324-3p, miR-210-3p and miR-3615 as hub DEmiRNAs in BPH. Combing these four hub DEmiRNAs, age and BMI, we established a nomogram model to distinguish BPH from PCa. Through "miRWalk" online tool, we targeted 499 hub DEGs between BPH and PCa, and found most of genes enriched in muscle system process, muscle contraction, contractile fiber, myofibril, actin binding, passive transmembrane transporter activity, focal adhesion, axon guidance.

Our results suggested that miR-636, miR-324-3p, miR-210-3p and miR-3615 might the hub DEmiRNAs between BPH and PCa, which may play a crucial role to distinguish BPH from PCa.

To explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).

Based on GEO database, we used R software to identify the DEGs and conducted the bioinformatics analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms of DEGs and constructed PPI network to find the key DEGs. Then we assessed the effect of the eligible key DEGs on survival in LUAD by Kaplan-Meier plotter online tool.

GSE10245 was downloaded from the GEO database, which contained a total of 58 tissue samples, including 18 LUSC and 40 LUAD. We identified 784 DEGs between LUAD and LUSC. DEGs were enriched in statistical significant GO annotation 201 items and KEGG pathways 17 items. By constructed PPI network, we obtained 10 hub genes. Of which, five genes were significantly correlated with the overall survival of LUAD.

P2RY1, CHRM3, LPAR3, NMU, and S1PR5 may be the potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for LUAD.