Flexible all-solid-state zinc–air batteries (AZABs) paired with flexible perovskite solar cell successfully produce photo-rechargeable zinc–air batteries (PAZABs) that can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in real-time. The open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of a AZAB directly influences the energy density of PAZABs. However, increasing the V_OC remains a significant challenge. In this work, we designed and synthesized a functional gel electrolyte with multiple ion channels, achieving an impressive V_OC of 1.55 V for the AZABs. This polymer structure enhances OH⁻ transport by increasing the number of N⁺ sites, providing abundant multi-ionic transport channels, and accelerating the storage rate of photogenerated charges. Additionally, the synergistic interaction between N⁺ and –COO⁻ increases the binding energy with H₂O, elevates the electron cloud density at the Zn anode interface, suppresses the formation of ZnO, and improves the cycling stability of the AZABs. The flexible AZABs exhibit a high discharge capacity of 740 mAh·g⁻¹. When coupled with flexible perovskite solar cell, the PAZABs achieved impressive 16.5% overall conversion efficiency, setting a new benchmark among peers.

The development of highly sensitive and rapid-response/recovery room-temperature NH₃ sensors is critically demanded for environmental monitoring and healthcare diagnostics, yet remains scientifically challenging. Inspired by the two-dimensional ordered macroporous structure of peacock feathers, two-dimensional inverse opal (2DIO) polyaniline/silver (PANI/Ag) composites were fabricated via a sacrificial templating method. By integrating the advantages of gas diffusion of highly ordered macroporous structures with the catalytic activity of Ag, significant improvements in NH₃ sensing performance were achieved. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations demonstrated that the 2DIO structure induced vortex effects, which significantly reduced the gas velocity. Concurrently, macroporous channels (~ 240 nm diameter) enhanced adsorption/desorption kinetics. The fabricated 2DIO PANI/Ag sensor exhibited a remarkable response of 1153% to 100 ppm NH₃, with ultra-fast response/recovery times of 3 s/56 s, exhibiting a 420-fold improvement in response/recovery speed compared to pure PANI (126 s/325 s). A further developed wearable detection module successfully discriminated exhalation signals between simulated chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and healthy individuals, providing a new strategy for noninvasive medical diagnosis. In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FT-IR) real-time tracking of NH₃ adsorption/desorption processes confirms a chemisorption-dominated sensing mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the charge transfer at the PANI/Ag interface enhanced the adsorption of NH₃, which significantly enhanced the molecular affinity. This study provides a viable pathway for developing high-performance flexible NH₃ gas sensors through an interdisciplinary approach combining structural bionics, simulation optimization, theoretical analysis, and experimental validation.

Cl-based salts are magical additives to control the perovskite crystallization and enhance film morphology. Especially for the I/Br halide wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites, alloying Cl to form triple halide perovskites can effectively enhance their optoelectronic characteristics. However, the alloying mechanism of Cl into the I/Br-based perovskite lattice remains unclear. Here, we conduct a systematic in-situ photoluminescence (PL) exploration on the crystallization processes of I/Br-based WBG with Cl-based additives including MACl and PbCl₂. The results reveal that only the Cl from PbCl₂ is easy to incorporate into the I/Br-based perovskite lattice structure at the initial stage of perovskite nucleation. However, PbCl₂ incorporation results in the precipitation of excess PbI₂, which leads to unfavorable charge transport and decreased photostability. With co-incorporation of MACl and CsCl, the transition of crystal orientation during the annealing process is effectively regulated, significantly eliminating the accumulation of excess PbI₂. This improvement enhances phase homogeneity and reduces defect density. Consequently, the optimized WBG perovskite solar cell achieves a high efficiency of 21.58%, which is the highest value for 1.68 eV perovskite with bromine content lower than 10%. In addition, the operational stability is significantly enhanced, along with ameliorated burn-in aging behavior.

As a burgeoning energy storage technology, Zn microbatteries (ZMBs) exhibit expansive potential for applications. This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes, employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, and electrodeposition. These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues, consequently enhancing battery performance. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes, including dendrite formation, corrosion passivation, hydrogen evolution, and Zn cycle exfoliation, are thoroughly examined. Lastly, a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated, encompassing anode material selection, anode structure construction, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization. In essence, the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges. With continued research and development efforts, it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient, stable, and secure performance on the microscale, offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology.

Stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) have great potential as power sources for the next-generation wearable electronics. Although blending rigid photovoltaic components with soft insulating materials can easily endow the mechanical ductility of active layers, the photovoltaic efficiencies usually drops in the resulting OSCs. Herein, a high photovoltaic efficiency of 15.03% and a large crack-onset strain of 15.70% is simultaneously achieved based on a ternary blend consisting of polymer donor poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4,5-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PM6), non-fullerene accepter 2,2’-((2Z,2’Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2’’,3’’:4’,5’]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6), and soft elastomer polystyrene-block-poly (ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) through the control of phase separation and crystallization. By employing a high-boiling point solvent additive 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) with different solubilities for PM6 and Y6, the aggregation dynamics of PM6 and Y6 as well as the film solidification process are dramatically altered, allowing for the different molecular rearrangement and liquid–liquid phase separation evolution. Consequently, the ternary film with optimal CN content presents decreased SEBS domains and moderately improved molecular ordering of PM6 and Y6, enabling effective mechanical deformation and charge generation/transport. The revealed corrections between the film-formation process, film microstructure, and photovoltaic/mechanical characteristics in the ternary blend provide deep understanding of the morphology control toward highperformance stretchable OSCs.