Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) is a field which is constantly developing due to the emergence of new technologies. In recent years, with the rapid development in computer hardware and computational power, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated remarkable successes in data analytics, thus offering new paradigms for the design and applications of new instruments and measurement systems. The applications of AI to I&M have made measurements of some quantities in industry possible or more cost-effective. This paper presents a review of recent AI-based methods applied in different aspects of instrumentation systems for monitoring complex industrial processes with a particular focus on multiphase flow metering, combustion monitoring as well as carbon dioxide flow measurement under carbon capture and storage conditions. This review also explores how AI is playing an important role in expanding knowledge across the whole spectrum of I&M. Trends and future developments of AI methods in the field of I&M are also discussed.