The practical application of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is severely hindered by the low intrinsic activity and poor recyclability of conventional photocatalysts. Moreover, single-factor optimization strategies are often insufficient to meet the complex demands of efficient and stable solar-to-hydrogen conversion. To address these limitations, we propose a synergistic regulation strategy by integrating piezoelectric polarization and carbon dot (CD)-mediated electronic modulation into a nanofiber-based Cd_0.3Zn_0.7S/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (CPP) photocatalyst system. The incorporation of CDs not only enhances visible light absorption and accelerates carrier transport, but also induces the β-phase transition in PVDF, significantly strengthening its piezoelectric response. Under mechanical stirring, the generated piezoelectric field promotes the spatial separation and interfacial migration of photogenerated carriers. More importantly, the synergistic “piezoelectrically coupled CDs” mechanism constructs an internal electric field that amplifies the charge separation efficiency. As a result, the optimized C_7.5PP-0.125CDs photocatalyst achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of 49.4 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, 3.2 times higher than pristine Cd_0.3Zn_0.7S. The piezoelectric effect alone enhances the rate by 31.7%, whereas the combined strategy results in an 82.3% improvement.

Portable power is an effective solution to realize self-powered sensors for wearable devices, promoting future sustainable development. Membrane-based triboelectric nanogenerators (M-TENGs) have emerged as a promising technology for harvesting biomechanical energy from human motion owing to their advantages, such as simple structure, lightweight design, and efficient energy conversion. However, the poor durability, low adaptability, and un-washability of two-dimensional membrane materials have largely hindered their application in wearable electronics. In this study, we propose a sheath–core polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/graphene (G)-carbon fiber (CF) yarn fabricated via conjugate electrospinning, comprising a commercial CF core and an electrospun graphene-doped PVDF sheath, which improves the fatigue resistance of electrospun nanofiber films under prolonged friction and keeps a high degree of freedom. The resulting electronic textile, woven with the large-scale electrospun PVDF/G-CF yarn, demonstrates a remarkable power density of 25.5 mW·m⁻². The tight distribution of PVDF/G nanofibers on the textile surface ensures excellent softness, washability, and durability. Furthermore, the electrospun PVDF/G-CF textile exhibits significant potential in pressure sensing, self-powered operation, and motion detection, making it highly suitable for wearable electronics applications.