As an essential component of future comprehensive Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) system, indoor positioning technology has extensive application demands, making it a focal point of attention in both academia and industry. This article comprehensively reviews the research status of indoor positioning technology in China, with a focus on highlighting representative achievements and application validations from major research institutions in recent years. It addresses the challenges and issues faced in promotion and application of large-scale, high-precision indoor positioning. Furthermore, a universal and seamless indoor-outdoor positioning system architecture is proposed, along with a technical roadmap and key technologies to achieve this architecture. Finally, an analysis and outlook on future technological trends are presented.