“Carbon emission reduction”, “carbon emission peak”, and “carbon neutrality” have become the focus of global climate governance. As an important tool for measuring climate warming, carbon footprint allows for quantification of the carbon footprint of the food life cycle and helps people to propose carbon reduction measures. Beginning with an overview of the current status of research on carbon footprint, this article systematically reviews the carbon footprint analysis model and the food industry chain emission source based on the life cycle assessment theory, makes a visual analysis of the research trends around the world, and discusses the development challenges in the field, policy environment and consumer purchasing behaviors in this field, in order to provide a basis for improving the Chinese food carbon footprint labeling system.

Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration, especially in hippocampus. This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in humans. The predominant anthocyanin in human diets, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G, 5 or 50 mg/kg), was given to mice for 16 days, and TMT (2.7 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day. C3G (50 mg/kg) significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction. Furthermore, C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation, which are critical for C3G’s neuroprotective effects. Notably, C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β levels in the mice, which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut. C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.