Trichloropropane (TCP) is a chlorinated solvent which derives from chemical manufacturing as a precursor, and it is also an important constituent of solvent formulations in cleaning/degreasing operations. The control and remediation of TCP in polluted sites is a challenge for many conventional remediation techniques due to its refractory behaviour. This challenge in mind, some nano-materials and oxidants were tested to evaluate their effectiveness as in TCP degradation in a laboratory setting. Experimental results indicate that the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron prepared by green tea (GT) as a reductant has negligible degradation effect on TCP under normal temperature and pressure conditions. However, zinc powders of similar size but higher surface reactivity, demonstrated stronger dechlorination capacity in the breakdown of TCP, as almost all of TCP was degraded by carboxymethocel (CMC) stabilized nanoscale zinc within 24 h. Activated persulfate by citric acid (CA) and chelated Fe (Ⅱ) was also used for TCP treatment with a TCP removal efficiency rate of nearly 50% within a 24 h reaction period, and a molar ratio of S₂O₈^2-, Fe²⁺ and CA is 20:5:1. Both the reduction and oxidation reactions are in accordance with the pseudo-first order kinetic equation. These results are promising for future use of TCP for the remediation of polluted sites.

Structural control on groundwater distribution and flow in the south of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China was investigated and analyzed. Intensive geological movement in geological history has resulted in a complex tectonic structure, and a complex distribution and flow pattern of groundwater. Based on the hydrogeological investigation, 4 types of water bearing structure (WBS) were discovered: Porous WBS, Fissure WBS, Karst WBS and Fissure-porous WBS. These WBSs and their combinations provided the varied storage spaces and flowing channels for groundwater in SNHAR.

Overexploitation of groundwater in Cangzhou area has attracted wide attention. Different layers of the aquifer may be connected through wells, since most wells of the deep aquifer have screens in several layers. This study proved the existence of vertical flow through wells, calculated the flow velocity and quantity of vertical flow in wells with methods of both field measurement and numerical simulation. Further, the recharge of deep groundwater by vertical flow through wells was estimated. An annual recharge of 1.5×10⁸-2.8×10⁸m³ from the third aquifer to the forth aquifer in Cangzhou area was estimated, according to the in-well measurement by heat pulse flowmeter sonde.