To solve the problems of waste of chemical pesticide and low utilization rate in the plant protection process of Xinjiang vineyards, a chemical pesticide recovery system was designed which was matched with a self-propelled sprayer.The main structures of the recovery system design included lifting platform, telescopic device, chemical pesticide collecting device and a pipeline system. The sprayer was fabricated and test in field condition to evaluate its performance. The density analysis of the grape canopy was carried out, and combined with the experiment to obtain the effect of the combination of the spray distance and the droplets settling net test factor on the recovery of the chemical pesticide solution under different canopy densities. It was concluded that reducing spray distance and installing droplets settling net with an aperture of 75 μm in the chemical pesticide collection device had positive effects of increasing the recovery rate of chemical pesticide. In the field experiment, the recovery rate of chemical pesticide and droplets deposition rate were taken as test indexes, and spray pressure and fan speed were taken as test factors. Test results showed that increasing spray pressure and reducing fan speed can increase the recovery rate of chemical pesticide within the range of rated spray pressure and fan speed. And increasing spray pressure and fan speed can improve the deposition effect of droplets deposition. When the working parameters are spray pressure 1 MPa and fan speed 1600 r/min, chemical pesticide deposition requirements can be met and the recovery rate of chemical pesticide is high.