To analyze the characteristics of colorectal adenoma onset, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes, and factors influencing advanced colorectal adenoma.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the data of 480 patients with colorectal adenoma admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, between January 2024 and January 2025 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The hospital case system was used to collect demographic information, basic medical history, general conditions associated with colorectal adenoma, and records of TCM syndrome types, which were compiled into a clinical information Excel spreadsheet. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the distribution of demographic information, basic medical history, and TCM syndrome types. The chi-square test or Monte Carlo simulation method was used to analyze the differences in the number, size, pathological type and location of colorectal adenomas, as well as the distribution of TCM syndrome types. Univariate chi-square test was used to analyze the related factors of patients with advanced colorectal adenoma, and the statistically significant variables were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors of advanced colorectal adenoma.

Among the 480 patients with colorectal adenoma, 296 were male with an onset age of (60.51±11.17) years, and 184 were female with age of (61.65±11.87) years. There were 233 patients (46.46%) aged 45 to 64. There were 269 cases (56.04%) of overweight individuals. Adenomas smaller than 1 cm accounted for 73.33% (352/480). Among the number of adenomas, single adenomas accounted for 66.46% (319/480). Among the pathological types, tubular adenoma accounted for 86.67% (416/480). The left colon accounted for 80.0% (384/480) of the affected sites. The main clinical manifestations included abdominal distension (20.63%, 99/480), abdominal pain (16.25%, 78/480), diarrhea (9.79%, 47/480), among others. The main syndrome types in traditional Chinese medicine are damp-heat syndrome of the large intestine (25.83%, 124/480) and spleen deficiency with excessive dampness syndrome (22.94%, 110/480). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of TCM syndrome types among patients of different age groups (P =0.010). Multitype adenoma (OR =4.504, 95%CI: 2.819~7.198, P < 0.001) and the right colon site (OR =2.166, 95%CI: 1.146~4.092, P < 0.05) are independent risk factors for advanced colorectal adenoma.

Colorectal adenomas are more common in men and tend to occur in middle-aged people. Adenomas under 1 cm are the most common. Single adenomas and tubular adenomas are more common. The left half of the colon is a common site of occurrence. Common clinical symptoms include abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. Damp-heat syndrome of the large intestine is the most common type of syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. The number of multiple adenomas and the location of the right colon are independent risk factors for advanced colorectal adenomas

To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the development of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) with spleen and kidney yang deficiency (SKYD) using a proteomics approach.

Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 22) were divided into IBS-D (n = 12) and normal control (n = 10) groups. SKYD was then modeled in IBS-D rats by a combination of acetic acid enema, bondage, rectal dilation, tail stimulation, and Senna gavage. Colon tissue samples were subsequently collected and examined by Q Exactive mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins between the two groups.

The occurrence of SKYD/IBS-D was associated with ribosomal protein S23 (Rps23), protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (Pp2a), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), which are involved in the ribosome, neurotrophin signaling, and Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling pathways.

These data suggest that SKYD/IBS-D pathophysiology likely involves inflammation, cell growth, apoptosis, stress granule formation, immune activation, loss of epithelial cell integrity, and visceral hypersensitivity.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD).

Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and four other Chinese electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), and WanFang Database were used to search (up to Feb, 2016) for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials recruiting adults with FD treated with CHM. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were conducted based on Cochrane standards using Review Manager software.

Fourteen publications (1424 patients) were included. Evidence revealed that CHM was more efficacious than the placebo in improving global dyspepsia symptoms (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.31–1.60), Chinese medicine syndrome (CMS) (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.23–1.50), and quality of life (SMD, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15–0.45) in FD patients. Furthermore, the difference in the incidence of adverse events between CHM and placebo groups had no statistical significance (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.66–1.70).

This meta-analysis demonstrates that CHM has a therapeutic potential in treating FD with a certain safety. However, due to the restricted number of trials included, well-planned, long-term studies are necessary to provide credible evidence.