Macrotrabecular‐massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM‐HCC) is a subtype of HCC with a very poor prognosis and exhibits biological behaviors and clinical presentations that distinguish it from conventional HCC. Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) is a unique pattern of vascular growth that is more common in patients with MTM‐HCC. This unique interaction between the angiogenic system and tumor cells is of general interest. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of HCC with MTM and VETC patterns help prevent early recurrence and improve prognosis. This review summarizes the existing findings for HCC with MTM and VETC patterns.

The success of immune checkpoint blockade has reaffirmed the importance of the immune system in cancer treatment. Immunotherapy enables the body's own immune system to fight tumor cells. However, the complex tumor microenvironment and its interaction with the immune system remain a mystery. The efficacy of immunotherapy is often affected by tumor heterogeneity. Molecular imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, enable noninvasive whole‐body imaging of tumor and immune cell signatures. Noninvasive molecular imaging can also be used to monitor the treatment response of tumors, thereby achieving personalized response assessment, which may ultimately lead to improved clinical management, development of individualized treatments, and reliable prognosis. This article reviews recent research in immunotherapy response assessment, immune T‐cell imaging, immune checkpoint imaging, and radiomics/radiogenomics in immunotherapy. To date, these studies have primarily comprised exploratory preclinical imaging with preliminary results indicating that biomarker molecular imaging may have a role to play in the assessment of immunotherapy. Therefore, the principle of selecting patients for immunotherapy based on imaging results is feasible.

Pregnancy-related liver diseases are the most frequent cause of liver dysfunction in pregnancy and pose a real threat to fetal and maternal survival. Although hepatobiliary disorders are uncommon in pregnancy, they may be severe enough to cause risk to both the mother and fetus. There are five different types of liver disease that are unique to pregnancy, including hyperemesis gravidarum, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, and low platelet count syndrome, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging play important roles in the rapid diagnosis and evaluation of complications. An accurate diagnosis can guide further treatment or the induction of labor to prevent intrauterine fetal death. This review highlights the pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging features, and treatment of pregnancy-related liver diseases with the aim of enhancing awareness of these rare but potentially life-threatening diseases of pregnancy.