This study observed the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY04 (LP-KSFY04) against carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Commercial biochemical kits and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect related indexes in mouse serum and tissues, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used for histopathological examination. The composition of intestinal microbiota was examined as well. The results showed that LP-KSFY04 could effectively reduce the degree of black tail in thrombotic mice, prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and reduce the prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB) level. LP-KSFY04 could also reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the serum, kidney and liver of thrombotic mice. Pathological observation showed that LP-KSFY04 could reduce liver and kidney lesions caused by thrombosis and the accumulation of tail vein thrombosis. qPCR results showed that LP-KSFY04 could down-regulate the mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), IL-6, TNF-α, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and E-selectin. Moreover, LP-KSFY04 increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes. These results showed that LP-KSFY04 can reduce inflammation and inhibit thrombosis in thrombotic mice, and the effects of high concentration of LP-KSFY04 were most pronounced, which were close to those of dipyridamole.

In this study, the effect of 10-day intragastric administration of different concentrations (1 × 10⁸ and 1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL) of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC04 (LF-CQPC04) suspension at a dose of 0.2 mL/(g m_b·d) on blood coagulation, oxidative stress levels, inflammation levels and intestinal microbial composition in a mouse model of thrombosis induced by injecting 0.01 mL/(g m_b·d) of 0.2% carrageenan was analyzed. Biochemical kits, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect related indicators in serum and tissues, and high-throughput sequencing was used to observe the composition of gut microbiota. The experimental results showed that LF-CQPC04 could shorten the length of black tail, prothrombin time and thrombin time in mice with thrombosis, reduce the blood fibrinogen (FIB) concentration, and increase the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). LF-CQPC04 could also reduce malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and IL-1β levels in serum, and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. H&E staining showedthat LF-CQPC04 could reduce tissue damage caused by tail vein thrombosis. LF-CQPC04 down-regulated the mRNA expression of the NF-κB p65, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ genes in colon tissue, and up-regulated the mRNA expression of the genes encoding copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and CAT. LF-CQPC04 could also down-regulate the mRNA expression of the genes encoding NF-κB p65, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in tail vein tissue. The gene sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that LF-CQPC04 could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae. These results indicated that LF-CQPC04 could inhibit thrombosis in mice, reduce oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation in mice with thrombosis, and regulate the intestinal flora, and high concentrations of LF-CQPC04 showed more pronounced effects, close to those of the drug heparin.

In this study, the effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis HFY14 (LLSLHFY14) isolated from naturally fermented yak yoghurt in Hongyuan county of Sichuan in improving renal function in mice with lupus nephritis induced by norphytane was investigated. The effects of different doses of LLSLHFY14 on immune indexes such as interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12 were measured. Then, renal histopathology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and the relative mRNA and protein expression of IL-4, IL-1β and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in renal tissue were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. The results showed that LLSLHFY14 could increase thymus and spleen indexes in mice with lupus nephritis. LLSLHFY14 could inhibit the decrease in IL-2, IL-12, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) and the increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), immunoglobulin G (IgG), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the serum of mice with lupus nephritis. LLSLHFY14 could also reduce the positive rate of anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) antibodies in mice caused by norphytane. Pathological examination showed that LLSLHFY14 could restore glomerular morphologic integrity and inflammatory infiltration in mice with lupus nephritis. Furthermore, LLSLHFY14 could up-regulate the expression of IL-4 and down-regulate the expression of IL-1β and TGF-β in the kidney. It can be concluded that LLSLHFY14 significantly improves renal function in mice with lupus nephritis in a positive concentration-dependent way. The effect of LLSLHFY14 at high concentration (10⁹ CFU/kg) is close to that of prednisone. This study lays a foundation for further utilization of lactic acid bacteria in naturally fermented yak yogurt.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of soybean milk fermented by a new type of Lactobacillus fermentum (LF-HFY02) by using D-galactose induced aging mice model. Firstly, the optimal fermentation conditions was screened out by detecting the effects of different fermentation temperature and time on the active components and antioxidant activity of soybean milk in vitro. And then unfermented soybean milk and the soybean milk fermented by different Lactobacillus was given by gavage to D-galactose-induced aging mouse. The activities of GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and T-AOC in serum, brain and liver of soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 were significantly increased, while the content of MDA and the level of AGEs in hippocampal were significantly decreased compared with D-galactose induced group. Further more, the mRNA expression of GSH and SOD in mouse liver were obviously up-regulated by soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02. The skin tissue structure of mice in the LF-HFY02 fermented soybean milk group was more complete, the collagen fibers were increased and arranged orderly and liver inflammation has improved compared with the model group. And Western blot analysis showed that LF-HFY02 effectively upregulated EGFR, SOD and GSH protein expression in mouse liver. These findings suggest that LF-HFY02 can effectively prevent D-galactose-induced oxidation and aging in mice, and the effect was even better than that of the Lactobacillus delbruechii subsp. bulgaricus and vitamin C. Thus, LF-HFY02 may be potentially employed as a probiotic strain. In conclusion, soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 can increase the content of antioxidant factors and the activity of antioxidant enzymes by regulating gene and protein expression, and finally inhibit the process of tissue cell peroxidation, and improve the oxidative damage of mouse skin and liver. The results could provide a basis for the research and development and industrial production of probiotic-related fermented soybean milk products.

This research the preventive effect of Kudingcha polyphenols (Kp) on colitis based on animal experiments. Experimental mice divided into four groups, including normal group, model group, low-concentration Kp (LKP) group and high-concentration Kp (HKP) group, and they all smeared and given 0.15mL 1% oxazolone solution by lavage to induce BALB/c mice colitis. DAI, colon weight/length ratio, serum levels of cytokines, related antioxidant activities of colon tissues such, and the mRNA expressions. The experimental results show that KP can significantly (p < 0.05) reduce DAI in mice with colitis and inhibit shortening of colon caused by colitis, increase colon weight/length ratio. It can also significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the activities of MPO, NO, MDA in mice colon tissues with colitis, increase the activity of GSH, and significantly increase (p < 0.05) the level of IL-2 and decrease the level of IL-10 in mice serum with colitis. The results of qPCR assay show that Kp can significantly increase (p < 0.05) the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, c-Kit, SCF and decrease the expression of IL-8, CXCR2 in mice colon tissues with colitis. Kp has a good preventive effect on colitis, and high concentration of PT has better preventive effect.