Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising candidates for future large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and high safety. However, the sluggish kinetics caused by the large radius of Na⁺ impedes the practical application of SIBs. Heterostructure engineering has emerged as an attractive strategy to alleviate this critical issue due to its intriguing contributions to accelerating electrons/ions transfer kinetics, improving structural stability, and enhancing Na⁺ adsorption ability. From this perspective, in this review, we introduce the vital role of heterostructure on the performance of SIBs firstly. The commonly used approaches for synthesizing chalcogenides metal-based heterostructure anodes are then presented. Subsequently, we discuss the recent progress of various chalcogenides metal-based anodes in detail. Finally, we provide a concluding discussion on the current challenges and perspectives of future development of the heterostructure anode materials for high-performance SIBs.