This guideline seeks to thoroughly investigate the standardized operational procedures for visual function and imaging examinations prior to vitreoretinal surgery. Preoperative assessments can greatly assist clinicians in determining surgical indications, assessing patient conditions, and offering valuable assistance in formulating surgical strategies and predicting outcomes. Developed by a collaborative team of experts from the Ophthalmic Imaging and Intelligent Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Education Association, in conjunction with the Ophthalmic Imaging and Intelligent Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Education Association, these guidelines have been formulated through extensive research and evaluation, incorporating the latest technological advancements and studies on a global and domestic scale in vitreoretinal surgery. After extensive deliberations and incorporation of up-to-date clinical data, these guidelines have been developed to assist in standardizing preoperative examinations for vitreoretinal surgery. The overarching goals include improving medical quality, maximizing resource allocation, offering decision-making assistance, and safeguarding patient rights. This document provides a comprehensive analysis of preoperative assessments for vitreoretinal procedures, covering principles, methodologies, and precautions related to a range of diagnostic techniques including ultra-wide-angle fundus imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, ophthalmic B-ultrasound examinations, ultrasound biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, orbital CT scan, orbital MRI, and ophthalmic electrophysiology tests such as electroretinograms, visually evoked potentials, and visual field testing.

Hypoxia is a huge barrier for the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) could provide a possible solution to this dilemma. In this work, a controlled Schiff-base reaction was conducted between amido groups on the surface of carbon dots (CDs) and aldehyde groups on aldehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystals (mCNCs) as well as aldehyde-mCNCs decorated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. In this process, the mCNCs not only prevent the agglomeration of Fe₃O₄ but also form hydrogels with CDs. The CDs act as both photothermal agent and photosensitizer. The hypoxia could be effectively relieved through the Fenton reaction due to the addition of Fe₃O₄, and the ·OH produced in the reaction further induces CDT and enhances tumor therapy efficiency. The therapy performance was further verified through in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments. This convenient method provides inspirations for the design and preparation of advanced biomaterials with multiple functions for cancer therapy.