The addition and substitution reactions across a variety of alkenes and alkynes have been playing an important role in organic synthesis. In particular, catalyses enabled by homogeneous complexes as well as heterogenous nanomaterials have been much received attentions over decades. Along with these blooming progresses in these fields, single-atom site catalysts (SACs) exhibit outstanding performances in terms of reactivity and selectivity, thus providing a new powerful strategy to upgrade these bulk chemicals. Herein, we summarize the reactions of alkenes and alkynes enabled by SACs, in which catalytic hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydroformylation, and cross coupling have been included. Moreover, preparations and fine structures of the corresponding SACs have been described, therefore providing a better understanding and overview to address the origin of catalytic activity in the reported examples.

Copper catalysis plays a crucial role in organic synthesis providing a wide spectrum of important transformations over decades. Success in homogeneous copper catalysis has often relied on the appropriate modulation of coordinating ligands, whereas the development of the corresponding heterogeneous variant has relatively gained less attentions. In this review, we aim to deliver a comprehensive summary of a number of seminal heterogenized Cu-catalyzed homogenous catalysis reported over the last decade. The scope of this review is classified by the type of transformations in which the catalyst’s preparation and activity including the relationship between structure and activity are underscored. In this way, this review highlights the potential and synthetic perspectives of heterogeneous copper catalysis in both academic and industry.