Atomic-thick two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as an ideal building block in developing ultrathin 2D membranes for separating substances. However, due to the negative charge of GO sheets when hydrated, electrostatic repulsion causes GO membranes to disintegrate easily in water, limiting their wide application in aqueous solutions. Here, we introduce and apply the concept of localized gluing by designing ultra-small supramolecular-assembled nanoparticles as nano-adhesives (NPA) to construct robust GO membranes with a thickness of only 24 nm. The supramolecular-assembled NPA were synthesized by cyclodextrin (CD) and tannic acid (TA) with a uniform size distribution of about 4.5 nm, and exposed surface pyrogallols that could strongly interact with GO sheets. The physical sizing of the NPA confines the interlayer spacing and maintains the nanochannel, while the natural molecular properties of the NPA enhance the connection between adjacent layers and inhibit swelling detachment. The fabricated ultrathin 2D membranes show a remarkable two times enhancement of water permeance over pristine GO membranes and exhibit excellent durability with record-breaking stability for 720 h immersion in water. This strategy provides meaningful insights into the design and fabrication of robust ultrathin membranes for practical application.

The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are expected as ideal biomimetic enzymes for colorimetric glucose detection because of their large surface areas, well defined pore structures, tunable chemical composition, and multi-functional sites. However, the intrinsically chemical instability and low mimetic enzyme activity of MOFs hinder the application of them in imitating the enzyme reactions. In this work, we demonstrated a metal-MOF synergistic catalysis strategy, by loading Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) on MIL-88B-NH₂ (Fe-MOF) to increase peroxidase-like activity for the detection of glucose. The induced electrons transfer from Pt atom to Fe atom accelerated the redox cycling of Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺, improved the overall efficiency of the peroxidase-like reaction, and enabled the efficient and robust colorimetric glucose detection, which was proved by both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Additionally, the sensitivity and chemical stability of this synergistic effect strategy to detect the glucose are not affected by the complex external factors, which represented a great potential in fast, easy, sensitive, and specific recognition of clinical diabetes.