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Open Access Research Article Issue
UltrahighQ Sr1+xY2O4+x (x = 0–0.04) microwave dielectric ceramics for temperature-stable millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antennas
Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024, 13(2): 155-165
Published: 08 March 2024
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Microwave dielectric ceramics should be improved to advance mobile communication technologies further. In this study, we prepared Sr1+xY2O4+x (x = 0–0.04) ceramics with nonstoichiometric Sr2+ ratios based on our previously reported SrY2O4 microwave dielectric ceramic, which has a low dielectric constant and an ultrahigh quality factor (Q value). The ceramic exhibited a 33.6% higher Q-by-frequency (Q×f) value (Q ≈ 12,500) at x = 0.02 than SrY2O4. All Sr1+xY2O4+x (x = 0–0.04) ceramics exhibited pure phase structures, although variations in crystal-plane spacings were observed. The ceramics are mainly composed of Sr–O, Y1–O, and Y2–O octahedra, with the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τf) of the ceramic increasing with Y2–O octahedral distortion. The ceramic comprises uniform grains with a homogeneous elemental distribution, clear grain boundaries, and no obvious cavities at x = 0.02. The Sr1+xY2O4+x (x = 0–0.04) ceramics exhibited good microwave dielectric properties, with optimal performance observed at x = 0.02 (dielectric constant (εr) = 15.41, Q×f = 112,375 GHz, and τf = −17.44 ppm/℃). The τf value was reduced to meet the temperature-stability requirements of 5G/6G communication systems by adding CaTiO3, with Sr1.02Y2O4.02+2wt%CaTiO3 exhibiting εr = 16.14, Q×f = 51,004 GHz, and τf = 0 ppm/℃. A dielectric resonator antenna prepared using Sr1.02Y2O4.02+2wt%CaTiO3 exhibited a central frequency of 26.6 GHz, with a corresponding gain and efficiency of 3.66 dBi and 83.14%, respectively. Consequently, Sr1.02Y2O4.02-based dielectric resonator antennas are suitable for use in 5G millimeter-wave band (24.5–27.5 GHz) applications.

Open Access Research Article Issue
Sintering behavior, phase composition, microstructure, and dielectric characteristics of garnet-type Ca3Fe2Ge3O12 microwave ceramics
Journal of Materiomics 2023, 9(3): 472-481
Published: 23 January 2023
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This paper describes the solid-state production of a unique yellowish-grey microwave dielectric ceramic, Ca3Fe2Ge3O12 (CFG). Rietveld refinement demonstrated that CFG corresponds to a cubic system (space group 230: Ia 3 d). The relative density of the ceramic initially increased and then decreased with the sintering temperature, reaching a maximum of 96.92% at 1330 ℃. According to scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy results, the CFG ceramic grains are spherical and consistent in size; furthermore, they have distinct grain boundaries and a uniform distribution of the four constituent elements. The CFG ceramic has a superior crystal structure and a high crystallinity, according to transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the Q×f value of the ceramic and the full width at half maximum of the Raman peak are negatively correlated. The ceramic possesses the best overall dielectric characteristics after sintering at 1330 ℃ for 4 h: εr = 10.31, Q×f = 82636 GHz, and τf = −45.66 × 10−6−1, showing that it is a promising candidate for use in mobile devices.

Open Access Research Article Issue
Sintering behaviour and microwave dielectric properties of MgO-2B2O3-xwt%BaCu(B2O5)-ywt%H3BO3 ceramics
Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2021, 10(6): 1282-1290
Published: 18 September 2021
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This study investigates the bulk density, sintering behaviour, and microwave dielectric properties of the MgO-2B2O3 series ceramics synthesised by solid-state reaction. According to the X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses, the as-prepared MgO-2B2O3 ceramics possess a single-phase structure with a rod-like morphology. The effects of different quantities of H3BO3 and BaCu(B2O5) (BCB) on the bulk density, sintering behaviour, and microwave dielectric properties of the MgO-2B2O3 ceramics were investigated. Accordingly, the optimal sintering temperature was obtained by adding 30 wt% H3BO3 and 8 wt% BCB. We also reduced the sintering temperature to 825 ℃. Furthermore, the addition of 40 wt% H3BO3 and 4 wt% BCB increased the quality factor, permittivity, and temperature coefficient of resonance frequency of MgO-2B2O3 to 44,306 GHz (at 15 GHz), 5.1, and -32 ppm/℃, respectively. These properties make MgO-2B2O3 a viable low- temperature co-fired ceramic with broad applications in microwave dielectrics.

Open Access Issue
Enhanced thermal and frequency stability and decent fatigue endurance in lead-free NaNbO3-based ceramics with high energy storage density and efficiency
Journal of Materiomics 2022, 8(2): 489-497
Published: 23 July 2021
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Lead-free ceramic capacitors have the application prospect in the dielectric pulse power system due to the advantages of large dielectric constant, lower dielectric loss and good temperature stability. Nevertheless, most reported dielectric ceramics have limitation of realizing large energy storage density (Wrec) and high energy storage efficiency (η) simultaneously due to the low breakdown electric field (Eb), low maximum polarization and large remanent polarization (Pr). These issues above can be settled by raising the bulk resistivity of dielectric ceramics and optimizing domain structure. Therefore, we designed a new system by doping (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.7Sr0.3TiO3 into 0.9NaNbO3-0.1Bi(Ni0.5Zr0.5)O3 ceramics, which simultaneously obtained a higher bulk resistivity by decreasing the grain size and achieved a smaller Pr by optimizing domain structure, thus the better Eb of 530 kV/cm and Wrec of 6.43 J/cm3 were achieved, η was improved from 34% to 82%. Besides, the 0.4BNST ceramics show excellent temperature, frequency and fatigue stability under the conditions of 20–180 ℃, 1–100 Hz and 104 cycles, respectively. Meanwhile, superior power density (PD = 107 MW/cm3), large current density (CD = 1070 A/cm2) and discharge speed (1.025 μs) were achieved in 0.4BNST ceramic. Finally, the charge-discharge performance displayed good temperature stability in the temperature range of 30 ℃–180 ℃. The above results indicated that the ceramics have potential practical value in the field of energy storage capacitor.

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