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Open Access Basic Medicine Issue
Role of immunohistochemical markers CK20, CD10, PHLDA1, CD34, AR, Ber-EP4 and Ki-67 in differential diagnosis of trichoblastoma and basal cell carcinoma
Chenxi LIU, Zhuoma DANGZENG, Lin WANG
Journal of Army Medical University 2025, 47(12): 1312-1318
Published: 30 June 2025
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Objective

To analyze the expression patterns of immunohistochemical markers CK20, CD10, PHLDA1, CD34, AR, Ber-EP4, and Ki-67 in cutaneous trichoblastoma (TB) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and validate their diagnostic value in differentiating TB from BCC.

Methods

Pathological specimens were harvested from 35 TB patients and 35 BCC patients diagnosed with histopathological biopsy in our department between January 2013 and December 2023. Their clinical data were collected, and the expression levels of CK20, CD10, PHLDA1, CD34, AR, Ber-EP4, and Ki-67 in TB and BCC tissues were detected with immunohistochemical staining. The staining patterns and proportions of positive cells in basaloid tumor nests and peritumoral stroma were analyzed. χ2 test was used to screen statistically significant variables, and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each marker. Based on the significance of the markers, stepwise combinations of immunohistochemical markers were analyzed to determine their collective diagnostic performance.

Results

Peripheral CD10 positivity in basaloid cell nests (P<0.001) and diffuse CD10 positivity in basaloid cells (P<0.001) strongly supported BCC diagnosis. In contrast, CK20 positivity in basaloid cells (P=0.028), CD10 positivity in stromal cells (P<0.001), and PHLDA1 positivity in basaloid cells (P<0.001) favored TB. Stromal CD34 positivity (P=0.247), AR positivity in basaloid cells (P=0.794), Ber-EP4 positivity in basaloid cells (P=0.156), Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.280), and Ki-67 staining patterns (P=0.897) showed no significant differences between TB and BCC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified stromal CD10 positivity (P<0.001) and PHLDA1 positivity (P=0.042) as independent predictors of TB, showing negative correlations with BCC. CK20 positivity in basaloid cells (P=0.340) showed no statistically significant difference in expression between TB and BCC. The combination of stromal CD10, PHLDA1, and CK20 demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance (Youden index=0.74).

Conclusion

Stromal CD10 and basaloid PHLDA1 positivity serve as reliable markers for distinguishing TB from BCC.

Research Article Issue
A systematic assessment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles used in the treatment of melanoma
Zhongtao Li, Jiaoqing Tang, Hongfeng Wu, Zhixin Ling, Siyu Chen, Yong Zhou, Bo Guo, Xiao Yang, Xiangdong Zhu, Lin Wang, Chongqi Tu, Xingdong Zhang
Nano Research 2020, 13(8): 2106-2117
Published: 05 August 2020
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Melanoma is a highly malignant skin tumor which is prone to recurrence and metastasis. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAPs) were reported to possess a suppressive effect on proliferation of various tumor cells in vitro. This study aimed to assess in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor ability and biosafety of the nHAPs used in the treatment of melanoma. Three types of nHAPs with different morphology and crystallinity were synthesized. In vitro cell viability and proliferation studies demonstrated that all three types of nHAPs can inhibit viability and proliferation of A375 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the rod-shape nHAPs with a crystallinity of 45.60% had the most prominent suppressive effect on the two melanoma cells tested. An important positive regulator of G1/S phase transition in cell cycle, Cyclin D1 protein, was reduced by nHAPs treatment in vivo. We further discovered that the migration ability of the nHAPs treated melanoma cells was greatly decreased. RNA sequencing result revealed that melanoma metastasis related genes were down-regulated by nHAPs, including MMP2, MMP14, ITGA9, ITGB3, ITGB4 and S100B. High concentration of nHAPs treatment in melanoma-bearing nude mice showed a strong inhibitory effect on tumor size and weight. Most importantly, hemolysis, electrolyte disturbance or inflammation response was not discovered in the experimental animals from nHAPs treated groups. We proved that the nHAPs synthesized in the current study has a selective effect to suppress melanoma tumor proliferation and was safe with regard to normal cells and tissue.

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