Non-close-packed (NCP) two-dimensional (2D) ordered nanoparticle (NP) arrays have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties; however, their efficient and large-scale fabrication remains challenging. In this study, we present a facile yet effective point-to-point adsorption method for producing large-area NCP 2D ordered gold NP (AuNP) arrays using a rapidly assembled block copolymer (BCP) micelle monolayer as a template. By capitalizing on the inherent monodispersity and soft corona characteristics of BCP micelles, combined with the industrial compatibility of dip-coating technology, we achieved efficient and scalable fabrication of ordered BCP micelle monolayers. Key processing parameters, including dip-coating speed, micelle concentration on morphology of the templates, were systematically optimized. These micelle-monolayers serve as templates for the point-to-point adsorption of AuNPs, resulting in well-defined NCP 2D arrays. Adsorption mechanism was revealed to be an electrostatic interaction between protonated P4VP cores and size-matched AuNPs stabilized by citrate. The fabricated AuNP arrays demonstrate high performance in nano-floating-gate transistor memory devices, exhibiting a memory window of 54 V, on/off ratio of 3.8 × 10³, and endurance stability over 110 write-read-erase-read cycles. These performance metrics significantly surpass those of conventional BCP-only templates, which showing great promise for applications in optoelectronic devices.

Bacterial infections exacerbate the formation of bacterial biofilms, leading to resistance to traditional drugs, persistent infection, and even threatening patient’s life. Efficient antimicrobial materials against drug-resistant bacterial biofilms are highly desired. In this study, a photodynamic nanodrug with bacterial targeting was constructed by cooperative coordination of zinc ion with an antimicrobial peptide with hydrophobic tripeptides on the side chains and the photosensitizer chlorin e6. The supramolecular nanodrug with a uniform spherical structure possessed high photosensitizer loading capacity and enhanced photodynamic efficacy, which could deep penetrate and eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms upon 655 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments verified the efficient elimination of MRSA biofilms on implanted catheters. This study provides a novel strategy to fabricate metalloprotein-inspired supramolecular photodynamic nanodrugs against drug-resistant bacterial biofilms-associated infections in vivo.

A solvent annealing-induced structural reengineering approach is exploited to fabricate polymersomes from block copolymers that are hard to form vesicles through the traditional solution self-assembly route. More specifically, polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) particles with sphere-within-sphere structure (SS particles) are prepared by three-dimensional (3D) soft-confined assembly through emulsion-solvent evaporation, followed by 3D soft-confined solvent annealing upon the SS particles in aqueous dispersions for structural engineering. A water-miscible solvent (e.g., THF) is employed for annealing, which results in dramatic transitions of the assemblies, e.g., from SS particles to polymersomes. This approach works for PS-b-P4VP in a wide range of block ratios. Moreover, this method enables effective encapsulation/loading of cargoes such as fluorescent dyes and metal nanoparticles, which offers a new route to prepare polymersomes that could be applied for cargo release, diagnostic imaging, and nanoreactor, etc.

Wound management is a crucial measure for skin wound healing and is significantly important to maintaining the integrity of skins and their functions. Electrical stimulation at the wound site is a compelling strategy for skin wound repair. However, there has been an urgent need for wearable and point-of-care electrical stimulation devices that have self-adhesive and mechanical properties comparable to wound tissue. Herein, we develop a bioinspired hybrid patch with self-adhesive and piezoelectric nanogenerator (HPSP) for promoting skin wound healing, which is composed of a mussel-inspired hydrogel matrix and a piezoelectric nanogenerator based on aligned electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers. The device with optimized modulus and permeability for skin wear can self-adhere to the wound site and locally produce a dynamic voltage caused by motion. We show that the HPSP not only promotes fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro, but also effectively facilitates the collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization in vivo with the increased expressions of crucial growth factors. The HPSP reduces the wound closure time of full-thickness skin defects by about 1/3, greatly accelerating the healing process. This patch can serve as wearable and real-time electrical stimulation devices, potentially useful in clinical applications of skin wound healing.