Photosynthesis with the chloroplast works efficiently because of the envelope structure that serves to carry enzymes and to simultaneously maintain the spatial separation of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Inspired by the spatially separated architecture, a chloroplast-like structured photocatalyst (PdS@CdS@MoS₂), in which the PdS and MoS₂ function as enzymes in the chloroplast and CdS shell functions as the chloroplast envelope, was developed to improve the photocatalytic H₂ evolution. In this unique nanoscale bionic structure, the poriferous CdS shell enhances light absorption, generates photoinduced carriers, and separates oxidation and reduction reactions. Meanwhile, PdS and MoS₂ dual cocatalysts enhance the charge separation efficiency through forming a built-in electric field with CdS. We demonstrate that the separation efficiency of carriers, carrier lifetime, and the yield of H₂ are both higher than that of CdS nanoparticles, evidencing the feasibility of the chloroplast-like structure in enhancing the photocatalyst activity. This work emphasizes the synergism of the three key processes of the photocatalytic reaction by simulating the chloroplast structure and provides a general synthesis strategy, the synthesis of novel structured for photocatalysts for diverse applications in the energy field.

Currently, lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have attracted great attention due to their spectacular photophysical properties. However, the toxicity of Pb²⁺ heavy metal ions in CsPbX₃ PeQDs limits their practical applications. Herein, a facile post-treatment doping method is proposed, which enables the preparation of highly luminescent low-toxic CsPbX₃:Mn²⁺ PeQDs from nonluminescent Cs₄PbX₆ PeQDs at water interface. The monodispersed CsPbX₃:Mn²⁺ PeQDs exhibit excellent photophysical properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 87%. The reaction process and doping mechanism are deeply explored through in-situ monitoring. By simply adjusting the halide composition of the original Cs₄PbX₆ PeQDs or Mn doping concentration, a series of CsPbX₃:Mn²⁺ PeQDs with adjustable emission could be obtained. Further, the CsPbX₃:Mn²⁺ Q-LED was fabricated and exhibited excellent orange light with the color coordinates of (0.564, 0.399), correlated color temperature (CCT) of 1,918 K, and luminous efficiency (LE) of 24 lm/W, which illustrate the great promise in light emitting diode (LED) applications. This work not only provides a facile method for the preparation of highly luminescent low-toxic CsPbX₃:Mn²⁺ PeQDs, but also provides insights into the mechanism of doping process.