Early diagnosis of Influenza A virus is critical for influenza prevention and control by reducing severe illness and mortality. However, conventional lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is limited by low sensitivity, and luminescent LFIA is short of significant signal changes at low target concentrations. Herein, a luminescence quenching LFIA platform is developed by integrating upconversion nanoparticles, defect engineered Cu_3−xP, and dual aptamers to address above bottleneck via a synergistic mechanism. Density functional theory calculations indicates that in the new type Cu_3−xP quencher, Cu vacancies induce new electronic states at the valence band edge and create extra electron transition pathway, which boost Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and upconversion luminescence quenching efficiency. Therefore, the test line luminescence signal is effectively suppressed to establish a sensitive luminescence quenching LFIA, which is sensitive to signal changes. Cu_3−xP also exhibits broad UV-vis absorption for colorimetric and photothermal signals. The synergy luminescence-colorimetry-photothermal tri-modal analytical platform achieves a limit of detection of 0.907 ng/mL for H1N1 hemagglutinin. Moreover, two selected aptamers with stable and non-overlapping binding sites verified by molecular docking are critical for forming a sandwich structure, enabling high sensitivity toward H1N1 over H7N9, H9N2, H6N1, H7N7, and H5N1, along with good anti-interference ability. This work provides a scalable point of care influenza detection strategy balancing sensitivity and specificity, optimizing LFIA for on site viral diagnostics.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-based mitochondrial energy metabolism blockade is an attractive tumor therapeutic modality. However, it is limited owing to metabolic plasticity, which allows tumors to shift their metabolic phenotype between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis for energy compensation. Herein, a hollow-hierarchical H₂S-multistage blasting nanomedicine was designed for a dual-pathway strategy targeting the blockade of energy metabolism and the imbalance of redox homeostasis. The tetrasulfide bond-modified hollow-hierarchical structure presents in-situ H₂S long-term bursting under the intracellular overexpressed glutathione (GSH), which inhibits the expression of the electron transport chain complex cytochrome C (COX IV) for restraining mitochondrial bioenergy supply and causes the energy metabolism blockade. Meanwhile, the Prussian blue in the home position, with thermal-enhanced peroxidase enzymatic activity, could simultaneously generate highly toxic hydroxyl radicals and exacerbate the GSH depletion process, thus further disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis. Mainly, externally encapsulated calcium can induce intracellular acidification and calcium overload, which aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction. The loaded glucose oxidase competes for intracellular glycolytic substrates, generating endogenous H₂O₂ while inhibiting COX IV activity and rapidly depleting intracellular adenosine in triphosphate, thus completely blocking the energy supply of tumor cells. This dual-pathway strategy utilizes H₂S gas-bloomed calcium overload to block energy metabolism and induce redox imbalance, providing new insights into exploring energy metabolism blockade as a therapeutic tool for tumor treatment.

Nanostructured metal phosphides are very attractive materials in energy storage and conversion, but their applications are severely limited by complicated preparation steps, harsh conditions and large excess of highly toxic phosphorus source. Here we develop a highly efficient one-step method to synthesize Sn₄P₃ nanostructure based on simultaneous reduction of SnCl₄ and PCl₃ on mechanically activated Na surface and in situ phosphorization. The low-toxic PCl₃ displays a very high phosphorizing efficiency (100%). Furthermore, this simple method is powerful to control phosphide size. Ultrafine Sn₄P₃ nanocrystals (< 5 nm) supported on carbon sheets (Sn₄P₃/C) are obtained, which is due to the unique bottom-up surface-limited reaction. As the anode material for sodium/lithium ion batteries (SIBs/LIBs), the Sn₄P₃/C shows profound sodiation/lithiation extents, good phase-conversion reversibility, excellent rate performance and long cycling stability, retaining high capacities of 420 mAh/g for SIBs and 760 mAh/g for LIBs even after 400 cycles at 1.0 A/g. Combining simple and efficient preparation, low-toxic and high-efficiency phosphorus source and good control of nanosize, this method is very promising for low-cost and scalable preparation of high-performance Sn₄P₃ anode.