Electronic communication technologies have been widely utilized in both military and civilian sectors, giving rise to urgent concerns about electromagnetic pollution. Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, capable of converting incident electromagnetic energy into alternative forms without reflection, offer a promising solution to this problem. Among the diverse classes of absorbers, graphene has attracted sustained attention owing to its atomic-scale thickness, large specific surface area, high carrier mobility, and unique two-dimensional conductive framework. The integration of graphene with complementary components not only diversifies energy-dissipation pathways and improves impedance matching, but enables the construction of tailored microstructures that extend electromagnetic propagation paths and enhance structural stability. This review summarizes recent advancements in graphene-based composite absorbers. Beginning with the fundamental design principles of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, it elucidates the theory of synergistic, multimechanistic design and outlines the scientific rationale and structure-property relationships underlying composite architectures. Materials are categorized by component type, with discussion of their synthesis strategies, microstructural features, absorption mechanisms, and performance characteristics, alongside a critical comparison of their advantages and limitations. Finally, major challenges confronting the field are highlighted, and prospective research directions are proposed. It is expected to provide a roadmap for design and development of high-performance graphene-based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials for future applications.

A three-dimensional flower-like NiCo₂S₄ formed by two-dimensional nanosheets is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method and utilized as the anode for sodium-ion batteries. Studies have shown that materials can achieve the best performance under the ether-based electrolyte system with voltage ranging from 0.3 to 3 V, which could effectively avoid the dissolution of polysulfides and over-discharge of the material. Here, sodium storage mechanism and charge compensation behaviors of this ternary metal sulfide are comprehensively investigated by ex situ X-ray diffraction. Moreover, ex situ Raman spectra, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements are used to related tests for the first time. Additionally, quantitative kinetic analysis unravels that sodium storage partially depends on the pseudocapacitance mechanism, resulting in good specific capacity and excellent rate performance. The initial discharge capacity is as high as 748 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g^-1 with the initial coulomb efficiency of 94%, and the capacity can still maintain at 580 mAh·g^-1 with the Coulomb efficiency close to 100% after following 50 cycles. Moreover, by the long cycle test at a high current density of 2 A·g^-1, the capacity can still reach at 376 mAh·g^-1 after over 500 cycles.