Robotic vision is essential for enabling intelligent and autonomous systems across diverse applications, including manufacturing, healthcare, autonomous navigation, and surveillance. However, conventional vision systems, which rely on rigid imaging hardware, face challenges such as limited adaptability, high energy consumption, and processing latency. Recently, flexible and stretchable photodetectors (PDs) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their advantages over rigid counterparts, making them ideal for robotic vision that requires multifunctionality and high energy efficiency to perform environment‐specific tasks. Despite their potential, current research studies on deformable PDs have largely focused on improving basic properties such as softness and responsivity, limiting their practical implementation in robotic vision. To unlock their full potential, next‐generation flexible and stretchable vision systems must integrate advanced image acquisition and processing capabilities. This review explores recent progress in vision systems with a focus on these two aspects. First, we examine bio‐inspired vision systems that mimic structural and functional features of biological eyes to enhance image acquisition. Next, we describe vision systems integrated with in‐sensor computing architecture that enables simultaneous image acquisition and processing. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges and propose future directions for developing next‐generation flexible and stretchable vision systems to meet the growing demands of advanced robotic vision.

Recently, significant efforts have been directed at overcoming the limitations of conventional rigid optoelectronic devices, particularly their poor mechanical stability under bending, folding, and stretching deformations. One of major approaches for rendering optoelectronic devices mechanically deformable is to replace the conventional electronic/optoelectronic materials with functional nanomaterials or organic materials that are intrinsically flexible/stretchable. Further, advanced device designs and unconventional fabrication methods have also contributed to the development of soft optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, new devices such as bio-inspired curved image sensors, wearable light emitting devices, and deformable bio-integrated optoelectronic devices have been developed. In this review, recent progress in the development of soft optoelectronic materials and devices is outlined. First, various materials such as nanomaterials, organic materials, and their hybrids that are suitable for developing deformable photodetectors, are presented. Then, the nanomaterials and organic/polymeric materials that are applicable in deformable light-emitting diodes are described. Finally, representative system-level applications of flexible and stretchable photodetectors and light-emitting diodes are reviewed, and future prospects are discussed.