Non-volatile resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) is a promising candidate for next-generation information storage, such as radiation-resistant memory modules and multifunctional memristor for sensing, data storage, and computing. However, ReRAM faces critical challenges in simultaneously achieving high on/off ratios and low reset current density due to conflicting material requirements that demand both high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. Herein, we propose a novel nanoparticles (NPs)-array-air spacer (NAAS) passivated strategy to resolve the inherent electrical-thermal conductivity trade-off in ReRAM design. Specifically, we demonstrated an Al/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/NAAS/indium tin oxide (ITO) memristor featuring the highest on/off ratio (10⁷) and the lowest reset current density (10⁻⁹ A/cm² at 0.02 V read) reported to date. The Au NAAS, formed by monodisperse Au NPs self-assembled on ITO and interstitial air gaps, served as a passivated layer between ITO and suspended PMMA film. Both experimental characterization and electrical/thermal simulations confirm that such unique architecture strategically decouples the conflicting requirements by reducing overall thermal conductivity while enhancing local electrical conductivity, yielding simultaneously a record-high on/off ratio and ultralow reset current density. This spatial passivation strategy transcends conventional single-material approaches, providing a universal design paradigm for reconciling conflicting material requirements in nanoscale resistive switching devices.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have garnered significant interest due to their ability to facilitate both ionic and electronic transport. A large proportion of research efforts thus far have focused on investigating high-performance materials that can serve as mixed ion doping and charge transport layers. However, relatively less attention has been given to the gate-electrode materials, which play a critical role in controlling operational voltage, redox processes, and stability, especially in the context of semiconductor-based OECTs working in accumulation mode. Moreover, the demand for planarity and flexibility in modern bioelectronic devices presents significant challenges for the commonly used Ag/AgCl electrodes in OECTs. Herein, we report the construction of high-performance accumulation-mode OECTs by utilizing a gate electrode made of three-dimensional (3D)-printed graphene oxide. The 3D-printed graphene oxide electrode incorporating one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes, is directly printed using an aqueous-based ink and showcases exceptional mechanical flexibility and porosity properties, enabling high-throughput preparation for both top gates and integrated planar architecture, as well as fast ion/charge transport. OECTs with high performance comparable to that of Ag/AgCl-gated OECTs are thus achieved and present promising feasibility for electrocardiograph (ECG) signal recording. This provides a promising choice for the application of flexible bioelectronics in medical care and neurological recording.

Al nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit excellent localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties and have been considered a promising alternative to plasmonic Au or Ag NPs. However, it remains difficult to fabricate Al NPs with uniform size and controllable morphology over a large area on substrates, which seriously hinders the in-depth exploration of their properties and applications. Herein, we have developed a self-assembly nanoparticle template method to realize the controllable preparation of bowl-shaped Al NPs (Al nanobowls (Al NBs)) with tunable sizes from 36 to 131 nm on the substrate surface, accompanied by tunable LSPR spectral responses from 272 to 480 nm. Among them, 131 nm Al NBs exhibit superior fluorescence enhancement ability (1932.2-fold) and a low detection limit (78.6 pM) towards 5-carboxyfluorescein, exceeding comparable Ag NBs and Au nanospheres (NSs). This can be attributed to the strong electromagnetic enhancement induced by the LSPR effect and the effective inhibition of fluorescence quenching caused by the self-passivated oxide layer. Therefore, the successful fabrication of Al NBs on substrates is of vital significance for their promising applications, including surface-enhanced spectroscopy, sensitive fluorescence detection, light-harvesting devices, biosensing, and ultraviolet (UV) plasmonics.

Nanodevices based on the single nanoparticle represent innovative and promising technology, which could satisfy the increasing requirements of high accuracy, low energy consumption, and small volume. However, the acquisition of single particles involves complex operation, and the corresponding nanodevices display low-throughput. Herein, we present a facile strategy to construct a single-particle platform with high throughput via substrate surface potential modulated a large-area and large-spacing nanoparticle assembly. Such platform not only avoids optic interference but also ensures the independent electrically conductive channel of single particle on substrate. Therefore, the dark-field microscopic imaging and single-particle scattering signals collecting of individual nanoparticles with plasmonic effect are satisfactory achieved based on the platform, and the first success in the fabrication of nano-organic-light-emitting-diodes with single nanoparticle resolution in nanoscale. All the results indicate that the strategy may find promising applications in the in situ single-particle research such as single-particle detection, single-particle catalysis, and optoelectronics.

Here we describe a plasmon-enhanced fluorescence substrate based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-coated, large-area Au@Ag nanorod arrays. The use of a PMMA medium enables precise control of the competition between enhancing and quenching processes as a function of the distance between Au@Ag nanorods and dye molecules. At the optimal PMMA layer thickness of 56 nm (for which the distance between nanoparticles and dye molecules is 16 nm), a maximum enhancement of fluorescence of up to ~ 27 times is measured. The competition mechanism between enhancing and quenching processes depends on the thickness of the PMMA layer, which has been confirmed by consistent experimental and theoretical modeling results. Notably, the micropatterned metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrate exhibits high uniformity and reproducibility. The simple spin-coating process described herein provides an attractive, scalable, and low-cost strategy to produce uniform and reproducible large-area MEF substrates that can potentially be used in many fields, such as biochips, diagnostics, and photonics.

Given the interdisciplinary challenges in materials sciences, chemistry, physics, and biology, as well as the demands to merge electronics and photonics at the nanometer scale for miniaturized integrated circuits, plasmonics serves as a bridge by breaking the limit in the speed of nanoscale electronics and the size of terahertz dielectric photonics. Active plasmonic systems enabling active control over the plasmonic properties in real time have opened up a wealth of potential applications. This review focuses on the development of active plasmonic response devices. Significant advances have been achieved in control over the dielectric properties of the active surrounding medium, including liquid crystals, polymers, photochromic molecules and inorganic materials, which in turn allows tuning of the reversible plasmon resonance switch of neighboring metal nanostructures.