Surface plasmon-mediated chemical reactions (SPMCRs) have emerged as a rapidly developing research area within plasmonics, where localized surface plasmons enhance light-matter interactions at the nanoscale, facilitating the efficient conversion and utilization of photon energy to drive chemical processes. SPMCRs have shown great promise for driving chemical processes under significantly milder reaction conditions that are often inaccessible using conventional thermochemistry. Over the past few decades, various reactions have been extensively studied using advanced experimental and theoretical tools. However, discerning the individual contributions within SPMCRs remains challenging. The efficient utilization of SPMCRs for practical applications continues to be a daunting task. This review summarizes recent advances in SPMCRs and proposes several strategies aimed at achieving a more comprehensive understanding of the chemical reaction systems.

Photoluminescence (PL) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can be engineered by controlling the density of defects, which provide active sites for electron-hole recombination, either radiatively or non-radiatively. However, the implantation of defects by external stimulation, such as uniaxial tension and irradiation, tends to introduce local damages or structural non-homogeneity, which greatly degrades their luminescence properties and impede their applicability in constructing optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present a strategy to introduce a controllable level of defects into the MoS₂ monolayers by adding a hydrogen flow during the chemical vapor deposition, without sacrificing their luminescence characteristics. The density of the defect is controlled directly by the concentration of hydrogen. For an appropriate hydrogen flux, the monolayer MoS₂ sheets have three times stronger PL emission at the excitonic transitions, compared with those samples with nearly perfect crystalline structure. The defect-bounded exciton transitions at lower energies arising in the defective samples and are maximized when the total PL is the strongest. However, the B exciton, exhibits a monotonic decline as the defect density increases. The Raman spectra of the defective MoS₂ reveal a redshift (blueshift) of the in-plane (out-of-plane) vibration modes as the hydrogen flux increases. All the evidence indicates that the generated defects are in the form of sulfur vacancies. This study renders the high-throughput synthesis of defective MoS₂ possible for catalysis or light emitting applications.