As a frontier complement and extension to the well-developed graphdiyne, graphyne (GY) is a distinctive carbon allotrope featuring single acetylene (−C≡C−) linkages bridging adjacent benzene rings, which represents a cutting-edge direction in the development of emerging two-dimensional carbon materials. This review first summarizes the structural classification, lattice parameters, and intrinsic properties of GY based on theoretical calculations. The controllable synthesis methods for almost all GY are then categorized by precursor type—including CaC₂‑mediated nucleophilic/mechanochemical routes, transition metal(TM)‑catalyzed cross‑coupling polymerization, metal‑free nucleophilic aromatic substitution, dynamic alkyne metathesis—with critical discussion of their respective advantages, limitations, and underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide a detailed summary of characterization techniques covering structural, compositional, and additional advanced analyses, alongside a thorough overview of multifunctional applications covering supercapacitors, batteries, photo-/electro-catalysis, and nonlinear optics. Finally, this review critically assesses the key challenges and future opportunities spanning from GY synthesis to practical applications, emphasizing the urgent need for direct experimental evidence to elucidate the crucial role of −C≡C− bonds in different applications.

L1₀-FePt nanoparticles (NPs) with high chemical ordering represent effective electrocatalysts to reduce the cost and enhance their catalytic performance in fuel cells. A molecular strategy of preparing highly ordered FePt NPs was used by direct pyrolysis of a Fe, Pt-containing bimetallic complex. The resultant L1₀-FePt NPs had very high crystallinity as reflected by the obvious diffraction patterns, clear lattice fringes and characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks, etc. Besides, the strong ferromagnetism with room temperature coercivity of 27 kOe further confirmed the face-centered tetragonal (fct) phase in good agreement with the ordered nanostructures. The FePt NPs can be used as electrocatalysts to catalyze oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an O₂-saturated 0.1 M HClO₄ solution and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the 0.5 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte with much better performance than commercial Pt/C, and showed quite high stability after 10, 000 cycles. The strategy utilizing organometallic precursors to prepare metal alloy NPs was demonstrated to be a reliable approach for improving the catalytic efficiency in fuel cells.