Alleviating Effect and Mechanism of Ginsenosides on Type 2 Diabetic Liver Lesions

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and relative insulin deficiency. As the disease progresses, type 2 diabetes often develop pathological changes in the liver such as inflammatory edema, fatty degeneration and liver fibrosis, which can develop into cirrhosis and, in severe cases, even liver cancer. Ginsenosides, the major bioactive components of the ginseng plant, show significant pharmacological effects on alleviating type 2 diabetic blood glucose disorders and liver damage. Their mechanism of action is mainly by regulating liver glucose and lipid metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing hepatocyte apoptosis through the alleviation oxidative stress and the inhibition of inflammatory responses, thereby effectively alleviating liver damage and promoting liver function recovery. This article provides a systematic review of the effects and mechanisms of ginsenosides on alleviating diabetic liver injury and briefly outlines the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic liver lesions, with the aim to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for further investigating the hypoglycemic mechanism of ginsenosides and developing hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective drugs.