Progress in Understanding the Mechanism by Which Probiotics Alletivate Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a disease caused by excessive production and/or inadequate excretion of uric acid (UA) in the body, and persistent HUA can lead to gout. Asymptomatic HUA is closely related to other metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Probiotic intervention is a potentially safe, cost-effective treatment to improve HUA. This paper mainly describes the mechanisms of action of probiotics in reducing the level of uric acid, including inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, absorbing and degrading purines in the intestine, regulating intestinal flora homeostasis and restoring intestinal barrier function. In addition, probiotics can promote uric acid excretion and consequently reduced uric acid levels by promoting the expression of urate transport proteins and inhibiting the expression of urate reabsorbing proteins. Probiotics have great potential in alleviating HUA. This review hopes to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent research.