Progress on Detection Techniques for Pathogenic Microorganisms in Milk and Dairy Products

Milk and dairy products are important sources of nutrition in daily life, helping to prevent and reduce diseases caused by deficiencies in certain nutrients. However, they are highly susceptible to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, posing a threat to food safety and public health. Common pathogenic microorganisms include Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, among others. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of milk and dairy product quality and safety incidents have sparked heightened public concern over dairy product safety. Traditional microbial detection methods (such as culture-based methods) are time-consuming and cumbersome, failing to meet the modern food industry’s demand for rapid testing and precise traceability. To satisfy the need for rapid, accurate, and efficient microbial detection in dairy products, researchers have developed various detection methods, including molecular biology techniques, immunological methods, and biosensor technologies, etc. This paper presents a systematic review of the latest advancements in rapid detection and traceability technologies for pathogenic microorganisms in milk and dairy products and explores their application prospects and development trends, aiming to provide references for food safety regulation and technological innovation.