Enhancing Osteoblast Response and Biointegration in vivo: Grown Zirconium Oxide Nanotube Bundles on Zirconium Surgical Screw

In this paper, the surface of zirconium implant was improved by growing zirconium oxide nanotubes using a simple chemical method to increase the surface porosity and thus increase the effectiveness of bone fusion. Histopathological examinations showed the filling of the bone lakes at the implant site with live bone cells and the penetration of Haversian canals into the blood vessels. EDXS profile confirmed the signal characteristic of zirconium and oxygen. EDXS profile is another evidence of pure ZrO₂ nanotubes formation. EDXS presents peaks between 0.525 and 2.044 kV, which indicate the presence of ZrO₂ nanotubes. SEM result showed that homogeneous nanotubes are less in diameter with increasing concentration of glycerine.