Electrical monitoring of subseabed CO₂ sequestration: Recent advances and prospects

Subseabed CO₂ sequestration represents a critical pathway within the carbon capture, utilization, and storage strategies. This study systematically discusses the multiscale research and application progress of electrical monitoring methods in the field of subseabed CO₂ sequestration. The sensitivity of microscopic pore structures to electrical methods is analysed through laboratory sample-scale tests, and the response characteristics of electrical methods during CO₂ plume migration in complex environments are characterized through large-scale model tests. With respect to theoretical inversion models, the integration of microscopic mechanisms with macroscopic evolution is effectively achieved through the application of electrical characteristic equations. Furthermore, field-scale monitoring has demonstrated the high applicability of electrical methods in evaluating pore media transport, phase transitions, and structural integrity during the subseabed CO₂ sequestration process. Finally, this study outlines future development directions for electrical monitoring, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical perspective for subseabed carbon sequestration monitoring technologies.