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Research Article | Open Access

Helices with F-constant vector fields in the Euclidean space E 4

Derya Sağlam1Umut Selvi1( )Faik Babadağ2Ali Atasoy3
Department of Mathematics, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, 06900, Turkey
Department of Mathematics, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, 71450, Turkey
Keskin Vocational School, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, 71800, Turkey
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Abstract

This study aims to investigate the geometric properties of V i -helices in the four-dimensional Euclidean space E 4 , considering Frenet vector fields as instances of F-constant vector fields. For each i { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } , the necessary and sufficient conditions for V i -helices are derived in terms of their curvatures, and a generalization of these helices is presented. Examples of these structures are provided, and their projections onto three-dimensional (3D) spaces are visualized using Python. Furthermore, the corresponding Python codes are included in the Appendix.

CLC number: 53A04, 53A07

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 4299-4334

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Cite this article:
Sağlam D, Selvi U, Babadağ F, et al. Helices with F-constant vector fields in the Euclidean space E 4 . AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(2): 4299-4334. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026173

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Received: 20 November 2025
Revised: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 03 February 2026
Published: 12 February 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)