Analysis and Verification of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Tianwen-1 Mars Parachute

The Mars parachute flight environment is supersonic, low-density, and low dynamic pressures. To ensure the operating performance and reliability, the design optimization and verification of the Tianwen-1 Mars parachute have been carried out. Firstly, through supersonic and subsonic wind tunnel tests, the design optimization of the parachute structure is realized. Subsequently, the high-altitude flight tests of four parachutes were conducted, the drag coefficient and the oscillation angle of the parachute from supersonic to subsonic speed were gained, and the aerodynamic characteristics and reliable opening of the parachutes were thoroughly tested and verified. This article presents the design, development, and qualification of the Tianwen-1 Mars parachute, which can provide a reference for the creation of future Mars exploration parachutes.