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Review | Open Access

Supporting technologies and pathways for industrial sector decarbonization in China

Yan Yan1,2,#, Ziwen Ruan1,3,#, Li Zhang4, Shuying Zhu1,3, Bofeng Cai1,3, Daiqi Ye2, Gang Yan1,3( ), Xiaojun Chen1,3( ), Shuguang Qi5, Bing Li6, Jie He7, Gang Xie8, Ziwei Wang9, Chengliang Hao10
Center for Carbon Neutrality, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing 100191, China
China Metallurgica Industry Planning and Research Institute, Beijing 100711, China
China Building Materials Acdemy, Beijing 100024, China
China Nonferrous Metals Industry Technical Development and Exchange Center Co., Ltd, Beijing 100038, China
China Chemical Energy Conservation Technology Association, Beijing 100723, China
CCTEG Coal Industry Planning Institute, Beijing 100120, China

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

To achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, China must address the complex challenge of decarbonizing key industrial sectors, including steel, cement, petrochemicals, and non-ferrous metals. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of major decarbonization technologies across these core sectors, including energy efficiency, clean electrification, hydrogen alternatives, feedstock substitution, recycling, carbon removal, and digitalization. Staged projections highlight the central role of different technologies in achieving industrial decarbonization: energy efficiency improvement (EEI) and feedstock substitution and waste recycling (FSWR) technologies before 2035, the accelerated deployment of clean electricity and green hydrogen between 2035 and 2050, and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) from 2050 onward. The review further offers policy recommendations to support technological advancement, promote large-scale deployment, and integrate low-carbon solutions into industrial development pathways.

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Keywords

Industrial decarbonizationenergy efficiencyelectrificationCCUShydrogentechnology pathway

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Technology Review for Carbon Neutrality
Volume 1,
2025
Article number: 9550007
DOI: 10.26599/TRCN.2025.9550007

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Cite this article:
Yan Y, Ruan Z, Zhang L, et al. Supporting technologies and pathways for industrial sector decarbonization in China. Technology Review for Carbon Neutrality, 2025, 1: 9550007. https://doi.org/10.26599/TRCN.2025.9550007

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Received: 25 January 2025
Revised: 31 January 2025
Accepted: 06 May 2025
Published: 27 June 2025
© The author(s) 2025.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).