Dental implant surface modification for promoting peri-implant osseointegration in osteoporosis

Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic disease characterized by reduced bone mass, decreased bone mineral density, and increased bone fragility. This not only makes patients prone to fractures but also renders the bone tissues in the oral cavity vulnerable to damage, leading to premature loosening and loss of teeth. Implant prosthodontics is currently the best approach for managing partial and complete edentulism. When implants are placed in the oral cavity of OP patients, there is a delay in osseointegration and insufficient primary stability of dental implants, which affects the success rate of implantation. Ensuring their quick and firm integration with the bone tissue in the body of OP patients is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed in the field of oral implant prosthetics. This paper reviews commonly used methods of implant surface modification, such as physical, chemical, and biological modifications, and discusses the advantages of these technologies and the mechanisms of anti-OP effects, aiming at improving osseointegration of implants in OP patients, shortening the healing period, and enhancing the success rate of implantation. This will be significant for the research and development of new implants and for expanding the clinical indications of implant prosthodontics.