Understanding the triggering mechanisms, movement processes, tsunami generation potential, and disaster impacts of submarine landslides: Recent progress (2000–2025)

Submarine landslides—one of the most destructive marine geohazards—threaten the safety of marine engineering infrastructure. This review describes recent (2000–2025) advances in understanding the triggering mechanisms, movement processes, tsunami generation potential, and disaster impacts of submarine landslides affecting marine engineering. The triggering factors are complex and diverse, including seismic activity, rapid sedimentation, hydrodynamic forces, and gas hydrate dissociation, with most cases resulting from interactions among multiple factors. The movement processes involve an interplay of multiphase (solid–liquid–gas) coupling, rheological behavior, and hydroplaning effects, which collectively influence the dynamics of slope failure and subsequent tsunami generation. Landslide-induced tsunamis can propagate across large oceanic distances, exerting destructive effects far beyond the source area and posing additional hazards to coastal communities and offshore infrastructure. These processes contribute to the acute damage and chronic deterioration of critical infrastructure, such as submarine pipelines and hydrocarbon production platforms. The present review systematically examines the results of experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical modeling to highlight the mechanisms and patterns leading to disasters caused by submarine landslides and associated tsunamis, discusses future research directions, and provides a theoretical foundation for hazard prevention and mitigation in marine engineering practices.