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Research Article | Open Access

In-situ mechanism and kinetic loss investigation of Ce doped RuO2 in the membrane electrode assembly

Guina Wang1,§, Lutong Shan2,§, Kai Sun3,§, Yun Liu1, Kaikai Yang1, Yilin Ma1, Liping Zeng1, Wenjuan Shi1( ), Tianjiao Wang1, Jing Li1, Peng Rao1, Xiaodong Shi1, Xinlong Tian1 ( ), Zhenye Kang1,4 ( )
State Key Laboratory of Tropic Ocean Engineering Materials and Materials Evaluation, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, School of Marine Technology and Equipment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

§ Guina Wang, Lutong Shan, and Kai Sun contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

The development of highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) has garnered significant scientific intrigue. Herein, we report a facile two-step hydrothermal and annealing method for synthesizing cerium-doped ruthenium dioxide nanoparticles (Ce-RuO2) as efficient OER electrocatalyst in PEM electrolyzer, which exhibits superior OER catalytic performance and durability. More impressively, in-situ characterizations of Ce-RuO2 as the anode catalyst in membrane electrode assembly is employed, and the results demonstrate that it exhibits reduced kinetic losses, higher catalytic activity, and enhanced stability compared to commercial RuO2 in PEMWE. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm that Ce doping maintains its valence state and redistributing the density states of Ru species, thereby enhancing its activity and stability during the OER processes.

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Keywords

oxygen evolution reactionoxygen vacancymembrane electrode assemblyin-situ characterization

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Nano Research Energy
Volume 5 Issue 2,
June 2026
Article number: e9120208
DOI: 10.26599/NRE.2025.9120208

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Wang G, Shan L, Sun K, et al. In-situ mechanism and kinetic loss investigation of Ce doped RuO2 in the membrane electrode assembly. Nano Research Energy, 2026, 5: e9120208. https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2025.9120208

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Received: 20 August 2025
Revised: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
Published: 02 December 2025
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.