Threefold programmable encoding for optical encryption by ferroelectric-assisted modulation of excitonic states in WSe₂

In the era of rapid development of digital communication, the secure transmission of data is becoming increasingly important. This study proposes a novel optical encryption method utilizing multidimensional field control in a MoS₂/WSe₂ heterojunction integrated with a ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) layer. Benefiting from the spontaneous polarization of the PZT layer, free charges in the heterojunction are redistributed, making excitonic states in the WSe₂ highly adjustable. By dynamically controlling excitonic states through a multidimensional field involving laser power, lateral bias, and vertical bias, we achieve precise modulation of the energy levels and intensity ratio of neutral exciton and trion in WSe₂ via photoluminescence measurements. This multidimensional field-programmable method provides a new route for optical encoding and encrypted information transmission, overcoming the limitations of conventional single or dual field modulation systems. Our work highlights the potential of multidimensional field exciton modulation in energy-efficient and reconfigurable optical encryption systems, with broad applications in secure communication.