Magnetic dielectric loss synergistic mechanism and wave absorption-corrosion dual functionality of ZnSe/CoSe@CNF multicomponent composites

With the widespread adoption of electronic devices and communication technologies, electromagnetic radiation issues have become increasingly prominent. Traditional wave-absorbing materials can no longer meet current demands. This study addresses the challenge of single-component materials having a limited loss mechanism by adopting a dielectric-magnetic synergy strategy to prepare a multi-component ZnSe/CoSe@CNF (ZCSF) composite, achieving excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA). The continuous conductive network constructed by carbon nanofibers (CNF) and the favorable conductivity of ZnSe significantly enhance dielectric loss, while CoSe effectively improves magnetic loss. The synergy among multiple components enables efficient matching of dielectric and magnetic losses. The results show that the Z₂CSF-3 composite exhibits outstanding EMA performance, with a minimum reflection loss and maximum effective absorption bandwidth reaching −56.58 dB and 7.60 GHz, respectively. By combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations with computer simulation technology (CST) simulations, the multi-component synergistic loss mechanism was theoretically validated to enhance EMA performance, confirming that this material can serve as a high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber. This research provides an effective strategy for designing high-performance multi-component EMA materials through dielectric-magnetic synergy effects.