<i>In vivo</i> Antioxidant Potential of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <i>Psidium guajava</i> L.

Atif Yaqub; Muhammad Rashid; Sarwar Allah Ditta; Naila Malkani; Nazish Mazhar Ali; Muhammad Zubair Yousaf; Arslan Haider; Muhammad Jamil Yousaf; Saman Abdullah

doi:10.26599/NBE.2023.9290026

Nano Biomedicine and Engineering 2023, 15(3): 225-238 https://doi.org/10.26599/NBE.2023.9290026

Research Article |

Open Access | Issue | Published: 10 August 2023

In vivo Antioxidant Potential of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Psidium guajava L.

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Atif Yaqub^¹(

), Muhammad Rashid^¹, Sarwar Allah Ditta^¹, Naila Malkani^¹, Nazish Mazhar Ali^¹, Muhammad Zubair Yousaf^², Arslan Haider^¹, Muhammad Jamil Yousaf^³, Saman Abdullah^¹

1Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

2School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan

3Higher Education Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Keywords:

oxidative stress, nanotoxicity, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), acute toxicity, safer nanoparticles, catalase

Cite this article:

Yaqub A, Rashid M, Ditta SA, et al. In vivo Antioxidant Potential of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Psidium guajava L.. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2023, 15(3): 225-238. https://doi.org/10.26599/NBE.2023.9290026

Download citation

EndNote(RIS)

BibTeX

800

Views

110

Downloads

Citations

Crossref

N/A

WoS

Scopus

N/A

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

Abstract

Excessive utilization of nanoparticles renders it necessary to produce safer and more secure nanoparticles while preserving their efficacy. In this study, Psidium guajava L. pulp extract-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized, characterized, and further evaluated regarding their antioxidant potential. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs) showed a higher level of radical scavenging activity (RSA) (25.85%), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (34.34%), and ferric reducing power (0.28). The comparison of the control group (G1) with the various treatment groups (G2–G6) revealed that the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly different (P < 0.05). The levels of blood urea, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGTP), serum creatinine, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and serum electrolytes were also evaluated. The results of clinical biochemistry also strengthened our hypothesis that G-AgNPs are less toxic than C-AgNPs. Finally, the histopathology of liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues indicated that green-synthesized AgNPs are relatively safer.

Full text

Abstract

Full text

Outline

About this article

In vivo Antioxidant Potential of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Psidium guajava L.

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Atif Yaqub^¹(

), Muhammad Rashid^¹, Sarwar Allah Ditta^¹, Naila Malkani^¹, Nazish Mazhar Ali^¹, Muhammad Zubair Yousaf^², Arslan Haider^¹, Muhammad Jamil Yousaf^³, Saman Abdullah^¹

1Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

2School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan

3Higher Education Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Abstract

Keywords: oxidative stress, nanotoxicity, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), acute toxicity, safer nanoparticles, catalase

References(77)

[1]

M. Saravanan, H. Barabadi, H. Vahidi. Green nanotechnology: isolation of bioactive molecules and modified approach of biosynthesis. In: Biogenic Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2021: 101–122.

DOI

[2]

O.N. Kanwugu, M.N. Ivantsova, K.D. Chidumaga. Gold biotechnology: development and advancements. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. 2018.

DOI

[3]

U. Chadha, P. Bhardwaj, R. Agarwal, et al. Recent progress and growth in biosensors technology: A critical review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2022, 109: 21−51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.010

DOI Google Scholar

[4]

H. Barabadi, H. Noqani, F. Ashouri, et al. Nanobiotechnological approaches in anticoagulant therapy: The role of bioengineered silver and gold nanomaterials. Talanta, 2023, 256: 124279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124279

DOI Google Scholar

[5]

S. Majeed, M. Saravanan, M. Danish, et al. Bioengineering of green-synthesized TAT peptide-functionalized silver nanoparticles for apoptotic cell-death mediated therapy of breast adenocarcinoma. Talanta, 2023, 253: 124026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124026

DOI Google Scholar

[6]

N. Talank, H. Morad, H. Barabadi, et al. Bioengineering of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: In vitro physicochemical, antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory, anticoagulant, and antioxidant performance. Talanta, 2022, 243: 123374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123374

DOI Google Scholar

[7]

H. Barabadi, A. Mohammadzadeh, H. Vahidi, et al. Penicillium chrysogenum-derived silver nanoparticles: Exploration of their antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activity against the standard and pathogenic acinetobacter baumannii compared to tetracycline. Journal of Cluster Science, 2022, 33(5): 1929−1942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-021-02121-5

DOI Google Scholar

[8]

S. Sarina, E.R. Waclawik, H. Zhu. Photocatalysis on supported gold and silver nanoparticles under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Green chemistry, 2013, 15(7): 1814−1833. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3GC40450A

DOI Google Scholar

[9]

A.C. Burdușel, O. Gherasim, A.M. Grumezescu, et al. Biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles: An up-to-date overview. Nanomaterials, 2018, 8(9): 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8090681

DOI Google Scholar

[10]

M. Ovais, A.T. Khalil, N.U. Islam, et al. Role of plant phytochemicals and microbial enzymes in biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018, 102(16): 6799−6814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9146-7

DOI Google Scholar

[11]

G.A. Engwa. Free radicals and the role of plant phytochemicals as antioxidants against oxidative stress-related diseases. In: Phytochemicals: Source of Antioxidants and Role in Disease Prevention. InTech, 2018.

DOI

[12]

J.N. Moloney, T.G. Cotter. ROS signalling in the biology of cancer. Seminars in Cell &Developmental Biology, 2018, 80: 50−64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.023

DOI Google Scholar

[13]

M. Dumont, M.F. Beal. Neuroprotective strategies involving ROS in Alzheimer disease. Free Radical Biology &Medicine, 2011, 51(5): 1014−1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.026

DOI Google Scholar

[14]

C.T. Hong, C.J. Hu, H.Y. Lin, et al. Effects of concomitant use of hydrogen water and photobiomodulation on Parkinson disease. Medicine, 2021, 100(4): e24191. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMD.0000000000024191

DOI Google Scholar

[15]

A.J. Kattoor, N.V.K. Pothineni, D. Palagiri, et al. Oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 2017, 19(11): 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-017-0678-6

DOI Google Scholar

[16]

J. Zou, Q. Fei, H. Xiao, et al. VEGF-A promotes angiogenesis after acute myocardial infarction through increasing ROS production and enhancing ER stress-mediated autophagy. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2019, 234(10): 17690−17703. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28395

DOI Google Scholar

[17]

E. Nur, B.J. Biemond, H.M. Otten, et al. Oxidative stress in sickle cell disease; pathophysiology and potential implications for disease management. American Journal of Hematology, 2011, 86(6): 484−489. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.22012

DOI Google Scholar

[18]

İ. Gulcin. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: An updated overview. Archives of Toxicology, 2020, 94(3): 651−715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3

DOI Google Scholar

[19]

Z. Bedlovičová, I. Strapáč, M. Baláž, et al. A brief overview on antioxidant activity determination of silver nanoparticles. Molecules, 2020, 25(14): 3191. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143191

DOI Google Scholar

[20]

N.S.R. Rosman, N.A. Harun, I. Idris, et al. Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated by green synthesis using the crude extract of marine polychaete, Marphysa moribidii: biosynthesis, characterisation, and antibacterial applications. Heliyon, 2020, 6(11): e05462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05462

DOI Google Scholar

[21]

L. Manzocco, M. Anese, M. Nicoli. Antioxidant properties of tea extracts as affected by processing. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 1998, 31(7–8): 694–698. https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1998.0491

DOI

[22]

R.J. Ruch, S.J. Cheng, J.E. Klaunig. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis, 1989, 10(6): 1003−1008. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/10.6.1003

DOI Google Scholar

[23]

G.K. Jayaprakasha, R.P. Singh, K.K. Sakariah. Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro. Food Chemistry, 2001, 73(3): 285–290.

DOI

[24]

OECD. Test No. 407: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4. OECD Publishing: Paris, 2018.

[25]

S. Marklund, G. Marklund. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1974, 47(3): 469−474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x

DOI Google Scholar

[26]

R.A. Greenwald. CRC handbook of methods for oxygen radical research. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 1985.

[27]

M. Javed, I. Ahmad, N. Usmani, et al. Studies on biomarkers of oxidative stress and associated genotoxicity and histopathology in Channa punctatus from heavy metal polluted canal. Chemosphere, 2016, 151: 210−219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.080

DOI Google Scholar

[28]

Z. Guan, S. Ying, P.C. Ofoegbu, et al. Green synthesis of nanoparticles: Current developments and limitations. Environmental Technology &Innovation, 2022, 26: 102336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102336

DOI Google Scholar

[29]

S. Karimarji, S.G. Sabouri, A. Khorsandi. Nonlinear optical properties of size-variable silver nanoparticles dispersed in water and potassium bromide. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2022, 54(2): 1−16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03526-w

DOI Google Scholar

[30]

M. Vanaja, G. Annadurai. Coleus aromaticus leaf extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its bactericidal activity. Applied nanoscience, 2013, 3(3): 217−223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-012-0121-9

DOI Google Scholar

[31]

D. Raju, N. Paneliya, U.J. Mehta, Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using living peanut seedling. Applied Nanoscience, 2014, 4(7): 875–879.

DOI

[32]

D. Bose, S. Chatterjee. Antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using vasaka (Justicia adhatoda L.) leaf extract. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2015, 55(2): 163−167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-015-0512-1

DOI Google Scholar

[33]

V. Sandhiya, B. Gomathy, M.R. Sivasankaran, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf for antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity on HT-29 cells (Colon cancer). Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 2021, 25(6): 20148−20163.

Google Scholar

[34]

C. Anggraini. Study antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles prepared from guava leaves and fruits (Psidium guajava L.). 2017. https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/C.-Anggraini/1475182424 (accessed on June 15, 2023)

[35]

D.S.R. Tenkayala, P.R. Sougandhi, M. Reddeppa, et al. Green synthesis and characterization of silver nano particles by using psidium guajava leaf extract. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2018, 8(5-s): 301–305.

DOI

[36]

N.A. Zamanhuri, R. Alrozi, M.S. Osman, et al. Green synthesis and characterizations of silver and gold nanoparticles using pink guava waste extract (PGWE). In: 2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research. 2012: 45–48.

DOI

[37]

V.-T. Hoang, N.X. Dinh, N.L.N. Trang, et al. Functionalized silver nanoparticles-based efficient colorimetric platform: Effects of surface capping agents on the sensing response of thiram pesticide in environmental water samples. Materials Research Bulletin, 2021, 139: 111278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111278

DOI Google Scholar

[38]

B. Sadeghi, F. Gholamhoseinpoor. A study on the stability and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ziziphora tenuior (Zt) extract at room temperature. Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2015, 134: 310−315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.046

DOI Google Scholar

[39]

H. Shumail, S. Khalid, I. Ahmad, et al. Review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles through plants. Endocrine,Metabolic &Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, 2021, 21(6): 994−1007. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200729153714

DOI Google Scholar

[40]

V.V. Makarov, A.J. Love, O.V. Sinitsyna, et al. “Green” nanotechnologies: Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Acta Naturae, 2014, 6(1): 35–44.

DOI

[41]

R. Sahadevan, P. Sivakumar, P. Karthika, et al. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from active compounds Quacetin–3-OBd-galactopyranoside containing plant extract and its antifungal application. The Asian Journal of Phamaceutical and Clinical Research, 2013, 6: 76−79.

Google Scholar

[42]

A. Yaqub, S.A. Ditta, K.M. Anjum, et al. Comparative analysis of toxicity induced by different synthetic silver nanoparticles in albino mice. BioNanoScience, 2019, 9(3): 553−563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-019-00642-y

DOI Google Scholar

[43]

C. Sharmila, R. Ranjith Kumar, B. Chandar Shekar. Psidium guajava: A novel plant in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018, 11(1): 341−345. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.21999

DOI Google Scholar

[44]

M.M.H. Khalil, E.H. Ismail, K.Z. El-Baghdady, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using olive leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2014, 7(6): 1131−1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.007

DOI Google Scholar

[45]

M. Ijaz, M. Zafar, T. Iqbal. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using various extracts: A review. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021, 51(5): 744−755. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701556.2020.1808680

DOI Google Scholar

[46]

T. Shankar, P. Karthiga, K. Swarnalatha, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Capsicum frutescence and its intensified activity against E. coli. Resource-Efficient Technologies, 2017, 3(3): 303–308.

DOI

[47]

F. Tulli, A.B. Cisneros, M.N. Gallucci, et al. Synthesis, properties, and uses of silver nanoparticles obtained from leaf extracts. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials: Elsevier, 2022: 317–357.

DOI

[48]

N. Ahmad, S. Sharma, M.K. Alam, et al. Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried medicinal plant of basil. Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces, 2010, 81(1): 81−86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.06.029

DOI Google Scholar

[49]

V.A. Amaral, T.R. Alves, J.F. de Souza, et al. Phenolic compounds from Psidium guajava (Linn.) leaves: effect of the extraction-assisted method upon total phenolics content and antioxidant activity. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2021, 11(2): 9346−9357. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC112.93469357

DOI Google Scholar

[50]

P. Somchaidee, K. Tedsree. Green synthesis of high dispersion and narrow size distribution of zero-valent iron nanoparticles using guava leaf (Psidium guajava L) extract. Advances in Natural Sciences:Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2018, 9(3): 035006. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/aad5d7

DOI Google Scholar

[51]

C. Osorio, J.G. Carriazo, H. Barbosa. Thermal and structural study of guava (Psidium guajava L) powders obtained by two dehydration methods. Química Nova, 2011, 34(4): 636−640. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422011000400016

DOI Google Scholar

[52]

A. Taha, M. Shamsuddin. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using psidium guajava leaf extract. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2014, 9(3).

DOI

[53]

N. Jayaprakash, J.J. Vijaya, K. Kaviyarasu, et al. Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using Tamarind fruit extract for the antibacterial studies. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology, 2017, 169: 178−185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.03.013

DOI Google Scholar

[54]

B. Khodadadi, M. Bordbar, M. Nasrollahzadeh. Green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles at Apricot kernel shell substrate using Salvia hydrangea extract: catalytic activity for reduction of organic dyes. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 490: 1−10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.032

DOI Google Scholar

[55]

C.V. Restrepo, C.C. Villa. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles, influence of capping agents, and dependence on size and shape: A review. Environmental Nanotechnology,Monitoring &Management, 2021, 15: 100428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100428

DOI Google Scholar

[56]

J. Fabrega, S.R. Fawcett, J.C. Renshaw, et al. Silver nanoparticle impact on bacterial growth: effect of pH, concentration, and organic matter. Environmental Science &Technology, 2009, 43(19): 7285−7290. https://doi.org/10.1021/es803259g

DOI Google Scholar

[57]

S.L. Palencia, A. Buelvas, M. Palencia. Interaction mechanisms of inorganic nanoparticles and biomolecular systems of microorganisms. Current Chemical Biology, 2015, 9(1): 10−22. https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796809666151022201811

DOI Google Scholar

[58]

S.M. Dizaj, F. Lotfipour, M. Barzegar-Jalali, et al. Antimicrobial activity of the metals and metal oxide nanoparticles. Materials Science and Engineering:C, 2014, 44: 278−284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.031

DOI Google Scholar

[59]

Z. Ďuračková. Some Current insights into oxidative stress. Physiological Research, 2010, 59(4): 459−469. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.931844

DOI Google Scholar

[60]

M.J. Piao, K.A. Kang, I.K. Lee, et al. Silver nanoparticles induce oxidative cell damage in human liver cells through inhibition of reduced glutathione and induction of mitochondria-involved apoptosis. Toxicology Letters, 2011, 201(1): 92−100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.010

DOI Google Scholar

[61]

B. Halliwell, J.M.C. Gutteridge, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 5th ed. Oxford University Press: USA, 2015.

DOI

[62]

S. Khorrami, A. Zarrabi, M. Khaleghi, et al. Selective cytotoxicity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against the MCF-7 tumor cell line and their enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2018, 13: 8013−8024. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S189295

DOI Google Scholar

[63]

K. Gudikandula, S. Charya Maringanti. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods and their antimicrobial properties. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2016, 11(9): 714−721. https://doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2016.1139196

DOI Google Scholar

[64]

R.S. Priya, D. Geetha, P. Ramesh. Antioxidant activity of chemically synthesized AgNPs and biosynthesized Pongamia pinnata leaf extract mediated AgNPs–A comparative study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016, 134: 308−318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.037

DOI Google Scholar

[65]

I. Ashok, R. Sheeladevi, D. Wankhar. Acute effect of aspartame-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rat brain. Journal of Biomedical Research, 2015, 29(5): 390−396. https://doi.org/10.7555%2FJBR.28.20120118

DOI Google Scholar

[66]

Y.-H. Lee, F.-Y. Cheng, H.-W. Chiu, et al. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and the autophagic effects of silver nanoparticles in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(16): 4706−4715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.021

DOI Google Scholar

[67]

P. Chairuangkitti, S. Lawanprasert, S. Roytrakul, et al. Silver nanoparticles induce toxicity in A549 cells via ROS-dependent and ROS-independent pathways. Toxicology in Vitro, 2013, 27(1): 330−338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.021

DOI Google Scholar

[68]

Y. Wu, Q.F. Zhou. Silver nanoparticles cause oxidative damage and histological changes in medaka (Oryzias latipes) after 14 days of exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2013, 32(1): 165−173. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2038

DOI Google Scholar

[69]

E. Beytut, M. Aksakal. The effect of long-term supplemental dietary cadmium on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in the liver and kidneys of rabbits. Turkish Journal of Veterinary &Animal Sciences, 2002, 26(5): 1055−1060.

Google Scholar

[70]

K. Boulahia, P. Carol, S. Planchais, et al. Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings exposed to prometryn herbicide contaminated soil trigger an oxidative stress response. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016, 64(16): 3150–3160.

DOI

[71]

P.J. Babu, A. Tirkey, T.J.M. Rao, et al. Conventional and nanotechnology based sensors for creatinine (a kidney biomarker) detection: A consolidated review. Analytical Biochemistry, 2022, 645: 114622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2022.114622

DOI Google Scholar

[72]

S.H. Kadhim, M.M. Ubaid, H.K.M. Alboaklah. New biomarkers for diagnosing and treatment of kidney failure disease. kerbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2022, 1(20).

[73]

S.H. Park, J.O. Lim, W.I. Kim, et al. Subchronic toxicity evaluation of aluminum oxide nanoparticles in rats following 28-day repeated oral administration. Biological Trace Element Research, 2022, 200(7): 3215−3226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02926-5

DOI Google Scholar

[74]

C. Recordati, M. De Maglie, S. Bianchessi, et al. Tissue distribution and acute toxicity of silver after single intravenous administration in mice: Nano-specific and size-dependent effects. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2016, 13: 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-016-0124-x

DOI Google Scholar

[75]

L. Strużyńska. Silver, Ag. In: Mammals and Birds as Bioindicators of Trace Element Contaminations in Terrestrial Environments. Cham: Springer, 2019: 655-691.

DOI

[76]

H.M. Jhanzab, A. Razzaq, Y. Bibi, et al. Proteomic analysis of the effect of inorganic and organic chemicals on silver nanoparticles in wheat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(4): 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040825

DOI Google Scholar

[77]

T. Silva, L.R. Pokhrel, B. Dubey, et al. Particle size, surface charge and concentration dependent ecotoxicity of three organo-coated silver nanoparticles: comparison between general linear model-predicted and observed toxicity. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 468: 968−976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.006

DOI Google Scholar

About this article

Publication history

Acknowledgements

Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 08 April 2023

Revised: 04 June 2023

Accepted: 16 June 2023

Published: 10 August 2023

Issue date: July 2023

Copyright

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgment

The Departments of Zoology and Chemistry as well as the Center for Advanced Studies in Physics at Government College University in Lahore, Pakistan, are gratefully acknowledged by the authors for their assistance in providing the necessary research infrastructure for this study. The University of Okara and LUMS University Lahore also provided technical assistance for this study, authors highly appreciated their kind support.

Rights and permissions

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.