Identification of Novel LOXHD1 Variants in Chinese Patients with Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss

Although LOXHD1 mutations have been increasingly implicated in late-onset hereditary hearing loss, the genetic spectrum and underlying molecular mechanisms in the Chinese population remain inadequately characterized. This study aims to delineate the genetic landscape of LOXHD1 in Chinese families with non-syndromic hearing loss and to determine the pathogenic significance of the identified variants.

In this study, we conducted targeted whole-exome sequencing along with Sanger sequencing on 157 probands with non-syndromic hearing loss, as well as their family members. We identified novel variants in the LOXHD1 gene. Additionally, we employed bioinformatic analyses to investigate the potential molecular functions of these variants.

In this study, potential causal variants were identified in 95 (60.51%) affected individuals and variants in SLC26A4 and GJB2 were most frequent in this cohort. we identified ten different variants in the LOXHD1 gene from five patients in their families. Among them, five novel LOXHD1 gene variants linked to hearing loss were recognized: c.3734G>A, c.4952T>A, c.4486C>T, c.6375G>C, and c.5002del. The pathogenicity of these variants was evaluated through multiple bioinformatics analyses. Notably, two patients with severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with LOXHD1 mutations showed significant improvement after cochlear implantation, attaining receptive and expressive language skills appropriate for their chronological age.

We have identified five novel variants of the LOXHD1 gene in Chinese family affected by nonsyndromic hearing loss. These findings enrich the current understanding of LOXHD1-related pathogenic variants and offer important implications for molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal screening in hereditary hearing loss.