A revolutionary approach to Anti-Helicobacter Pylori: Mechanisms and Research Progress of Probiotics and Postbiotics

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent pathogens residing in the human stomach lining. H. pylori infection is closely linked to the development of numerous gastric and non-gastric disorders. Probiotics are viable microorganisms that contribute to host health when appropriately administered or consumed, while postbiotics are non-viable microbial products or metabolic byproducts that are stable in gastric acid, structurally defined, and considered safe. Probiotics and postbiotics have beneficial effects on H. pylori infection and have become a popular topic of anti-H. pylori research in recent years. This paper provides an overview of recent progress in: (1) the mechanisms underlying H. pylori infection; (2) probiotics and postbiotics in the fight against H. pylori; (3) challenges and limitations of probiotic interventions in H. pylori eradication as well as strategies to improve them; and (4) the potential benefits, key efficacies, and methods of extraction, purification, and analysis of postbiotics. These results offer a scientific foundation for the incorporation of probiotics and postbiotics in H. pylori treatment strategies.